
Astro 提供的免费卫星电视服务。终身收看娱乐,新闻,学习和资讯节目等。
图片仅供参考。
免费观看15多个电视频道和10+个广播频道。
* 需遵守Astro条款和条件。
步骤一 |
步骤二 |
步骤三 |
选择配套然后提交您的申请。 |
等待安装。 |
享受您的新 Astro / 宽频! |
探索我们的电视配套,其中包含各种娱乐频道。
为家庭中的每个人制作必看的本地和国际内容。
最好的本地和国际卡通片和教育娱乐片。
汇集全球电影和剧集,充满动作、剧情和震撼刺激。
在您探索世界秘密的同时,您还可以了解最新的突发新闻和时事。
见证每场主要联赛和现场体育赛事以及家庭娱乐活动。
集电影、体育和各种流媒体应用于一体的终极娱乐体验。
适合家居办公及串流。以 100Mbps 的速度连接并享受不间断的流媒体、游戏和浏览。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-6 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
适合有4K串流及游戏需求的小型家庭。以 500Mbps 的速度连接并享受快速稳定的互联网,满足您的所有需求。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-6 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
完美符合中型家庭的工作及游戏需求。以 1Gbps 的速度连接,让您体验到超快的互联网速度。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-7 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
为满足所有人的一切需求而设的终极高速互联网。以 2Gbps 的速度连接,享受闪电般的网络速度。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-7 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |

Astro 提供的免费卫星电视服务。终身收看娱乐,新闻,学习和资讯节目等。
图片仅供参考。
新的解码器,不包含卫星天线和电缆。您必须已安装 Astro/Njoi 卫星天线和电缆并正常运作。
包括安装。
新的解码器配有卫星天线和电缆。
包括安装。
可靠的宽频配套可实现更高层次的业务增长。
支持最多 5 台设备上的 2-3 个用户。
支持最多 10 台设备上的 6 个用户。
支持多台设备上最多10个重度用户。
支持多台设备上最多 10 名高级用户。
为多台设备上最多 10 位高级用户提供终极支持。
适合家居办公及串流。
100Mbps/50Mbps
免费 Standard Router (RG5)
100Mbps/50Mbps
免费 Standard Router (RG5)
Netflix Basic
适合全高清串流及浏览。
300Mbps/50Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
300Mbps/50Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Basic
适合有4K串流及游戏需求的小型家庭。
500Mbps/100Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
500Mbps/100Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
完美符合中型家庭的工作及游戏需求。
1Gbps/500Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
1Gbps/500Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
为满足所有人的一切需求而设的终极高速互联网。
2Gbps/1Gbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
2Gbps/1Gbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
可靠的宽频配套可实现更高层次的业务增长。
支持最多 5 台设备上的 2-3 个用户。
支持最多 5 台设备上的 2-3 个用户。
固定 IP。
支持最多 10 台设备上的 6 个用户。
支持最多 10 台设备上的 6 个用户。
固定 IP。
支持多台设备上最多10个重度用户。
支持多台设备上最多10个重度用户。
固定 IP。
支持多台设备上最多 10 名高级用户。
支持多台设备上最多 10 名高级用户。
固定 IP。
适合家居办公及串流。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
适合全高清串流及浏览。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
适合有4K串流及游戏需求的小型家庭。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
完美符合中型家庭的工作及游戏需求。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
为满足所有人的一切需求而设的终极高速互联网。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
签购
| Astro Njoi UniFi Maxis |
在这里找到您要的答案。
我们提供一站式服务为您申请Astro和Broadband。不必开车,排队和在销售柜台等候。 我们可以帮助您处理您的申请。
我们不收取额外费用。 无需提供信用卡信息。 费用与您在销售柜台申请的费用相同。
首先,您可以在线申请,我们将在工作时间内立即与您联系。 通过WhatsApp/电子邮件/传真发送您的身份证-IC(马来西亚公民)/ 护照(外国人)的复印件给我们。 收到所有资料后,我们将立即处理您的申请。
一旦收到您的完整资料,我们将在工作时间内立即处理您的申请。一旦您的申请获得批准,服务提供商的承包商将与您联系以进行安装预约。
ASTRO 和宽频收费同时在一张账单,享受更大的节省和无忧的账单支付。 在24个月的合约期内,您可以每月以折扣价享受 Astro 和宽频。
Astro 提供多种电视配套,包括娱乐、体育、电影和儿童配套。您可以选择符合您观看需求的配套,并在适用情况下添加额外的串流应用服务。
可以,您可以只订阅 Astro 电视配套而无需绑定宽频。不过,将 Astro 电视与光纤宽频绑定可享有更好的每月优惠,并且只需支付一张综合账单,更加方便。
对于小型家庭以及轻度上网和串流使用者,100Mbps 通常已足够。较大家庭、游戏玩家或重度串流用户则可选择 500Mbps 或 1Gbps 配套,以获得更流畅的多设备使用体验。
大多数 Astro 电视和光纤宽频配套都附带 24 个月合约期。如在合约期满前取消服务,可能会产生提前终止费用。
可以,您可在符合资格及覆盖范围的情况下随时升级电视配套或宽频速度。根据升级情况,可能需要重新计算合约期限。
您的每月账单将由 Astro 直接发出。您可通过电子邮件接收账单,或通过 Astro 账户在线查看。绑定配套用户将收到电视与宽频服务的综合账单。
付款方式包括网上银行、自动扣款、信用卡或 Astro 提供的其他认可付款渠道。我们的团队将在申请过程中为您提供协助。
如果您遇到任何服务中断问题,可联系 Astro 客户服务寻求技术协助。大多数情况下可远程解决,如有需要将安排技术人员上门处理。
可以,迁移服务需视新地址是否在服务覆盖范围内而定。根据您的配套,可能会产生迁移费用及合约调整。
不需要,提交申请时无需提供信用卡资料。服务获批后,付款安排将由 Astro 直接处理。
部分 Astro 电视配套可根据当前促销及服务情况添加串流服务等附加项目。可能需支付额外月费。
是的,光纤安装时通常会提供 WiFi 路由器。路由器型号可能会根据所选宽频速度配套而有所不同。
可以,我们会在处理您的申请前确认您地址的服务覆盖范围,以确保该地区可安装宽频服务。
马来西亚公民需提供 MyKad 复印件。外籍人士则需在提交宽频申请时提供护照复印件。
申请获批后,服务提供商通常会在 2 至 7 个工作日内联系您安排宽频安装预约。
大多数 Astro 宽频配套附带 24 个月合约期,从安装日期开始计算。如您搬迁,可能需要在新地址重新签订 24 个月合约。
可以,您可在新地址具备服务覆盖的情况下迁移宽频服务。合约期限可能会从新安装日期起重新计算 24 个月。
可以,您可申请在家中调整宽频设备位置。若属于非标准安装,可能会产生额外费用,并需在评估后直接支付给安装人员。
可以,您可转用 Astro 宽频。为避免服务中断,建议在终止现有宽频合约前先开通新的宽频服务。
标准安装在促销期间可能免费,但非标准安装(如设备迁移或复杂布线)可能会产生额外费用,并需直接支付给安装人员。
You do not need to request for a reconnection as our system will detect your payment and process it immediately, provided you paid via a real-time payment channel.
Click here for a full list of our payment channels.
Astro Cloud is a virtual storage that allows you to record and watch your favourite TV shows on Astro GO anytime, anywhere. Customers can enjoy 200 hours (500 GB) of cloud recording on Astro GO web and mobile app, and on your Astro Box (if applicable) at no additional cost.
To check your remaining Cloud storage space, go to Settings > My Devices, you will find your cloud storage information here.
You can upgrade your storage to a total of 1,500 hours (4000gb) with the Astro GO+ add-on for RM 5.99/month.
Kindly visit https://myastro.astro.com.my/ or call us at 03-7490 8102 to upgrade your storage plan.
Yes, you can change your subtitle and dubbing for your contents, however, the dubbing may differ from content to content.
Astro Rewards is your free loyalty programme - a way for us to say thank you for being with us.
We're always adding new and exciting gifts, deals, and experiences for you including free concert tickets, discounts, and money can't buy experiences - all ready and waiting in the My Astro app for you, right at your fingertips. Here's the best part, the longer you're with us, the better your rewards!
To redeem rewards as an Astro customer, you can do it through the My Astro app. Here's how:
1. Download the My Astro app
2. Login using your Astro ID
3. Go to Rewards
4. Browse through the rewards and click redeem. Follow the instructions on the screen on how to redeem the reward
🎁 Want to claim rewards exclusive for Astro customers?
📱 Download the My Astro app to:
- Claim free movie or concert tickets
- Meet your favourite celebrity
- Join giveaway contests
1. Clearly indicate full name of Astro customer, contact number and Astro subscription account number when making each payment (e.g. on bank-in slips)
2. For Direct Debit, please contact your bank for standing instructions. Provide the full name of Astro customer and Astro account number. The Direct Debit service may not be available with all banks. Please check with your bank for confirmation of Direct Debit service.
3. Please inform us of any changes in billing address/information by contacting us via one of these platforms.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: To avoid any problems in payment processing, please pay only at authorised Astro payment channels
Yes, effective on bill date 9th July 2024 onwards, the Service Tax for Astro Broadband Bundle/Astro Fibre Bundle will be streamlined at 6%. Astro Fibre Standalone and Mesh WiFi charges will remain at 6% Service Tax as announced on 1st March 2024.
If you’re facing issues updating your email address via My Astro, here’s how you can update your email address through your Set Top Box (STB).
Note: This method only works if you are on Ultra or Ulti box that is connected to the internet. If you are on an older box, kindly reach out to us via our Feedback Form.
If you’re still unable to update your email address, kindly reach out to us via our Feedback Form and a representative from our team will get in touch to assist you soon.
You can have up to five (5) devices registered to your account at any given time. However, you can only stream from one (1) device at a time.
Please ensure you:
a. Have your original identification card “MyKad” (Front & Back) with you (Malaysian).
b. Have your original Passport & Visa with you (Non-Malaysian).
c. Are in a brightly lit environment
Yes, you may submit for the termination of account, but it is subjected to an Early Termination Fee (ETF) based on the remaining contract.
Transfer of Equipment Ownership
A request to transfer the equipment’s ownership from the existing account holder to a new account holder.
Note: Transfer of Equipment Ownership is not applicable for Astro Broadband (Maxis, TIME, Allo), standalone Astro Fibre and NJOI account.
Merge of Equipment
A request from the account holder to merge the equipment from two different accounts into one account, provided the equipment must be within the same service address and registered under the same accountholder’s name.
Split of Equipment
A request from the account holder to split the equipment from one account to two different accounts and registered under the same account holder’s name.
Astro customers with the Ultra or Ulti Box can access Prime Video via their Ultra/Ulti Box or stream directly using the Prime Video app. If you have not yet upgraded to Astro’s Ultra/Ulti Box, please reach out to us on WhatsApp by sending “Hi” to 03-9543 3838.
Kindly note that affected customers will be adequately informed 30 days prior to the implementation via SMS which are sent out in phases (Starting 1 July), with scheduled announcements across WhatsApp, My Astro app, and Astro website.
If you would like more information or to provide feedback on Astro Rewards, kindly reach out to us at 03 9543 3838 or visit one of our Astro service centres.
Yes, your information will still be available in the HBO Max app if you choose to resubscribe directly to HBO Max through
www.hbomax.com
. To keep your preferences and account settings, ensure you use the same email address when you resubscribe.
Wider WiFi coverage:
- All areas across the house will enjoy optimal coverage with multiple Mesh WiFi units located in areas with sub-optimal coverage to form a larger WiFi network.
Stable connection;
- Consistent coverage of optimal WiFi signal will ensure a stable connection as the Mesh unit will automatically connect your devices to the strongest WiFi signal around your house.
You may join iQIYI as a VIP by following these simple steps:
Step 1: Head over to www.astro.com.my/iqiyi
Step 2: Select your desired package (Standard VIP or Premium VIP)
Step 3: Click "Get it now"
Step 4: Log in using your Astro ID
Step 5: Click "Get it now" again
Step 6: Please read the prompted message, then click "Proceed"
Step 7: You will see a confirmation message upon successful purchase
Customers are given 90-days from their service termination date to return the Astro Box and SIM Card. If the box is not returned within this period, a “Box Fee” will be charged and appear as an itemized entry on their final bill when 90 days ended.
Occasionally, an additional verification step may be required, such as entering a mobile number. This helps ensure a smooth and secure activation experience.
The iQIYI App is an on-demand video streaming service provided by iQIYI that was first launched in June 2019 in more than 191 countries providing the best Asian dramas to viewers across the world. iQIYI allows subscribers to watch all their favourite Asian entertainment including dramas, variety shows, movies and anime, with subtitles in multiple languages and equipped with Dolby Atmos for the most immersive experience at their fingertips.
Starting 1 March 2026, customers can look forward to three new movies & entertainment channels — Astro Showtime (CH 411), Rock Action (CH 414) and Rock X Stream (CH 415) — each offering a distinct selection of popular films. Additionally, beginning 1 April 2026, another new channel, Astro FAM Time (CH 412), will be available to customers.
At the same time, Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD) and Astro's partnership model going forward will change how HBO content is accessed on Astro. From 1 March 2026, the HBO Max app will continue to be available to Astro customers as a standalone ala carte subscription, and the following HBO channels will be discontinued on Astro effective 11:59 PM on 28 February 2026:
We understand how important this service is to many of our customers. Customers on any Movie bundle packages / Movies add-on / Astro One: Epic Pack who wish to continue enjoying HBO’s content can subscribe to the HBO Max app as an ala carte add‑on via Astro from RM24.90/month, with access to HBO Originals, blockbuster movies, and exclusive series. There will be no changes for Astro customers who currently subscribe to HBO Max as an add‑on.
You will be able to access Netflix on your Ultra and Ulti Box. However, kindly note that if you have an Ulti Box with a Netflix Premium subscription, you will not be able to watch content in 4K UHD and Netflix Spatial Audio.
No. There will be no changes to your monthly subscription fee as part of the refreshed channel lineup. You will continue to enjoy your current pack at the same price, along with the new channels and content additions.
If you’re an HBO Pack add‑on customer, you’ll continue paying the same RRP amount (depending on your subscription plan – Standard/Premium). If you’re on a combo plan / 50% discounted offer, you’ll keep to the discounted price until the promo expires. After the expiry, you may continue to subscribe to the HBO Max app as an ala carte add‑on via Astro from RM24.90/month.
Yes, the Multiroom (Smart TV) will utilise one (1) of your Astro GO concurrency.
Customers subscribing to Multiroom (Smart TV) can enjoy access up to 4 concurrency (watch 4 screens at the same time) which is shared across one Smart TV device and 3 mobile/laptop/tablet device(s) as Astro GO+ is complimentary with a Multiroom (Smart TV) subscription.
As an existing customer, you will notice some changes after migrating to the new Disney+ app as some personalised viewing data, such as profiles, viewing activity, downloads and app preferences, will not be migrated.
Therefore, you will need to set up your profiles and preferences again when you first start using the new Disney+ app.
For further enquiries regarding the Disney+ app migration, new Disney+ app experience and app-related features, please visit the Disney+ Help Centre.
Starting 23 March 2023, Astro customers will be able to enjoy ZEE5 Premium’s exciting content offerings for only RM10.80/month on the big screen via their Ultra and Ulti Box, website or on the-go via the ZEE5 mobile app, available on Android and IOS devices.
Yes, a switching fee of RM 10 will be incurred when you unsubscribe from Sun NXT Premium or downgrade your subscription tier. However, for customers unsubscribing from Sun NXT Premium via Astro's Self-Service Portal, this fee will not apply.
The Ultra/Ulti Plug & Play Box comes with a one-year box hardware warranty.
For self-installation, there is a warranty seal at the bottom of the Ultra/Ulti Plug & Play Box, which must not be removed or tampered with as this would void the one-year Ultra/Ulti box hardware warranty.
No, there are no installation or activation fees for Astro X3, as these plans do not require a set-top box or installation. Once your sign-up is complete, you can start streaming Astro content immediately via the Astro app on your Smart TV or through Astro GO on supported devices.
Yes, the 6% Service Tax applies to add-on Astro services effective bill date 9th July 2024 onwards.
If you are interested to upgrade your box, you can do so via Astro's retailers or online as follows:
I. Visit https://hub.astro.com.my/#5
II. Select `Box Upgrade` and log in with your Astro ID
III. Select the box you would like to upgrade
If your monthly/quarterly/yearly bill has not been generated yet as of 9
th
July 2024, the 6% Service Tax will be reflected accordingly. For customers whose bill has been generated, the 6% service tax will be reflected in the next bill cycle following your bill frequency.
ZEE5 is an Indian subscription video on demand and over-the-top streaming service run by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. With the app, subscribers can enjoy over 170,000 hours of on demand content from originals, movies, TV shows, music and more across 18 languages including English, Tamil, Hindi and Punjabi – all in a single destination.
You can access your Prime Video Account on up to three (3) devices at a time (including your Ultra/Ulti Box), have up to 6 different profiles. However, you are only able to stream 2 devices concurrently for a single show/movie. To ensure a smoother streaming experience, please sign out from any unused devices.
Description | Benefit |
Profiles | Up to 6 profiles including Kids profile |
Concurrent streams | Up to 3 devices |
Simultaneous streams of same content | Up to 2 devices |
Please ensure that you have entered the correct email address or mobile number associated with your Disney+ account.
If you still do not receive the OTP, please WhatsApp or call Astro’s Customer Service at +603 9543 3838.
Surcharge is imposed by 3rd party payment collection partners for services rendered. Kindly note that customers may be charged a surcharge per transaction when bill payments are made via the following methods:-
Bill payments at selected petrol stations, convenience stores, retail/mobile shops, kiosk, and e-wallets may incur a surcharge of up to RM0.50 per transaction by the appointed collection agencies of RMS (formerly known as Razer/MOL), ATX, MobilityOne, and e-Pay.
· To find out more on how to make your bill payments, click here.
Yes, to enable subtitles or dubbing in your desired language, click on the subtitles/dubbing selection option at the bottom right corner of the video player, then click on the language you desire.
You will be able to view your new package(s) within 24 hours of subscribing. Please note that if you are an Astro customer subscribing to HD channels, you will have to connect an HDMI cable to your TV before you will be able to enjoy the channels.
Netflix is available to IPTV customers on the Ultra Box and Ulti Box. Non-Ultra Box customers will not be able to access Netflix on CH741. Please upgrade to the Ultra Box/Ulti Box to access Netflix on the Ultra Box.
Astro Rewards is open to all *Active Astro PayTV customers and their immediate family members
* "Active Astro customer" refers to subscriber of the Astro Service and whose account is current and active with no outstanding payments due and owing to Astro and who has not breached the Astro subscription agreement nor given any instructions to terminate and /or suspend his/her subscription to the Astro Service as at the date of winner notification. Winners must remain active Astro customers until the date of collection of prizes.
Yes, all existing Astro & Broadband customers within contract or out of contract can subscribe to Astro & Broadband offerings. The 24 months contract will be renewed upon signing up for the new packs.
You may contact Astro's Customer Service by:
Any Astro GO compatible device (mobile/tablet/PC) and Multiroom Smart TV* compatible TVs will benefit from Astro GO+.
There will be no changes to your HBO Max app subscription. You can continue accessing the app as usual. However, due to Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD) and Astro's partnership model going forward, the HBO HD (CH 411), Cinemax HD (CH 412), HBO Family (CH 414) and HBO Hits (CH 415) channels will cease on Astro at 11:59 PM on 28 February 2026.
Kindly note that not all Astro & Broadband Devices are required to be returned. After service termination of your Astro & Broadband service, we will call you via your registered mobile number within 3 days to schedule a pickup appointment with our Astro agent if your device needs to be returned.
If you were not contacted within 3 working days to return your devices, you are required to discard your old Astro & Broadband devices only at registered collection centres for proper handling and management of e-waste in an environmentally sound manner. Click here to find a registered collection centre near you.
Frequently Asked Questions
1) I missed the pickup appointment; what do I do now?
You can reschedule the pick-up appointment by calling our agent directly.
2) Can I reschedule my pickup date?
Yes! You can call our agent back directly to reschedule the pickup date and time.
3) Do I have to pack my device(s) before handing it over to the Astro agent?
Our Astro agent will dismantle the devices for you. However, if your devices are already dismantled, please pack them in their original box/packaging if possible. If this option is not available to you, just hand the device(s) over to the Astro agent without any packaging. You will not be charged any fees if the original packaging has been damaged/lost.
4) Do I have to print anything or fill in any forms before handing my device(s) over to the Astro agent?
No, you do not have to prepare any documents before handing your device(s) over to the Astro agent! All you have to do is get your device(s)ready before the Astro agent arrives to ensure a smooth handover process.
5) I have the Astro & Broadband router and modem to return, however, the cable(s) that come with them are damaged/lost; will there be any penalty fees?
No, please return your old Astro & Broadband modem and its power supply unit (PSU). There will be no penalty fees if the cable is damaged or lost.
Recycle via Registered Collection Centres
For all recycling-related questions, please click here.