
Astro 提供的免费卫星电视服务。终身收看娱乐,新闻,学习和资讯节目等。
图片仅供参考。
免费观看15多个电视频道和10+个广播频道。
* 需遵守Astro条款和条件。
步骤一 |
步骤二 |
步骤三 |
选择配套然后提交您的申请。 |
等待安装。 |
享受您的新 Astro / 宽频! |
探索我们的电视配套,其中包含各种娱乐频道。
为家庭中的每个人制作必看的本地和国际内容。
最好的本地和国际卡通片和教育娱乐片。
汇集全球电影和剧集,充满动作、剧情和震撼刺激。
在您探索世界秘密的同时,您还可以了解最新的突发新闻和时事。
见证每场主要联赛和现场体育赛事以及家庭娱乐活动。
集电影、体育和各种流媒体应用于一体的终极娱乐体验。
适合家居办公及串流。以 100Mbps 的速度连接并享受不间断的流媒体、游戏和浏览。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-6 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
适合有4K串流及游戏需求的小型家庭。以 500Mbps 的速度连接并享受快速稳定的互联网,满足您的所有需求。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-6 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
完美符合中型家庭的工作及游戏需求。以 1Gbps 的速度连接,让您体验到超快的互联网速度。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-7 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
为满足所有人的一切需求而设的终极高速互联网。以 2Gbps 的速度连接,享受闪电般的网络速度。
免费 数据机
免费 WiFi-7 路由器
无限数据
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| 包括什么? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |

Astro 提供的免费卫星电视服务。终身收看娱乐,新闻,学习和资讯节目等。
图片仅供参考。
新的解码器,不包含卫星天线和电缆。您必须已安装 Astro/Njoi 卫星天线和电缆并正常运作。
包括安装。
新的解码器配有卫星天线和电缆。
包括安装。
可靠的宽频配套可实现更高层次的业务增长。
支持最多 5 台设备上的 2-3 个用户。
支持最多 10 台设备上的 6 个用户。
支持多台设备上最多10个重度用户。
支持多台设备上最多 10 名高级用户。
为多台设备上最多 10 位高级用户提供终极支持。
适合家居办公及串流。
100Mbps/50Mbps
免费 Standard Router (RG5)
100Mbps/50Mbps
免费 Standard Router (RG5)
Netflix Basic
适合全高清串流及浏览。
300Mbps/50Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
300Mbps/50Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Basic
适合有4K串流及游戏需求的小型家庭。
500Mbps/100Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
500Mbps/100Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
完美符合中型家庭的工作及游戏需求。
1Gbps/500Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
1Gbps/500Mbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
为满足所有人的一切需求而设的终极高速互联网。
2Gbps/1Gbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
2Gbps/1Gbps
免费 WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
可靠的宽频配套可实现更高层次的业务增长。
支持最多 5 台设备上的 2-3 个用户。
支持最多 5 台设备上的 2-3 个用户。
固定 IP。
支持最多 10 台设备上的 6 个用户。
支持最多 10 台设备上的 6 个用户。
固定 IP。
支持多台设备上最多10个重度用户。
支持多台设备上最多10个重度用户。
固定 IP。
支持多台设备上最多 10 名高级用户。
支持多台设备上最多 10 名高级用户。
固定 IP。
适合家居办公及串流。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
适合全高清串流及浏览。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
适合有4K串流及游戏需求的小型家庭。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
完美符合中型家庭的工作及游戏需求。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
为满足所有人的一切需求而设的终极高速互联网。
免费 WiFi-6 Router
免费 WiFi-6 Router
无限语音通话
签购
| Astro Njoi UniFi Maxis |
在这里找到您要的答案。
我们提供一站式服务为您申请Astro和Broadband。不必开车,排队和在销售柜台等候。 我们可以帮助您处理您的申请。
我们不收取额外费用。 无需提供信用卡信息。 费用与您在销售柜台申请的费用相同。
首先,您可以在线申请,我们将在工作时间内立即与您联系。 通过WhatsApp/电子邮件/传真发送您的身份证-IC(马来西亚公民)/ 护照(外国人)的复印件给我们。 收到所有资料后,我们将立即处理您的申请。
一旦收到您的完整资料,我们将在工作时间内立即处理您的申请。一旦您的申请获得批准,服务提供商的承包商将与您联系以进行安装预约。
ASTRO 和宽频收费同时在一张账单,享受更大的节省和无忧的账单支付。 在24个月的合约期内,您可以每月以折扣价享受 Astro 和宽频。
Astro 提供多种电视配套,包括娱乐、体育、电影和儿童配套。您可以选择符合您观看需求的配套,并在适用情况下添加额外的串流应用服务。
可以,您可以只订阅 Astro 电视配套而无需绑定宽频。不过,将 Astro 电视与光纤宽频绑定可享有更好的每月优惠,并且只需支付一张综合账单,更加方便。
对于小型家庭以及轻度上网和串流使用者,100Mbps 通常已足够。较大家庭、游戏玩家或重度串流用户则可选择 500Mbps 或 1Gbps 配套,以获得更流畅的多设备使用体验。
大多数 Astro 电视和光纤宽频配套都附带 24 个月合约期。如在合约期满前取消服务,可能会产生提前终止费用。
可以,您可在符合资格及覆盖范围的情况下随时升级电视配套或宽频速度。根据升级情况,可能需要重新计算合约期限。
您的每月账单将由 Astro 直接发出。您可通过电子邮件接收账单,或通过 Astro 账户在线查看。绑定配套用户将收到电视与宽频服务的综合账单。
付款方式包括网上银行、自动扣款、信用卡或 Astro 提供的其他认可付款渠道。我们的团队将在申请过程中为您提供协助。
如果您遇到任何服务中断问题,可联系 Astro 客户服务寻求技术协助。大多数情况下可远程解决,如有需要将安排技术人员上门处理。
可以,迁移服务需视新地址是否在服务覆盖范围内而定。根据您的配套,可能会产生迁移费用及合约调整。
不需要,提交申请时无需提供信用卡资料。服务获批后,付款安排将由 Astro 直接处理。
部分 Astro 电视配套可根据当前促销及服务情况添加串流服务等附加项目。可能需支付额外月费。
是的,光纤安装时通常会提供 WiFi 路由器。路由器型号可能会根据所选宽频速度配套而有所不同。
可以,我们会在处理您的申请前确认您地址的服务覆盖范围,以确保该地区可安装宽频服务。
马来西亚公民需提供 MyKad 复印件。外籍人士则需在提交宽频申请时提供护照复印件。
申请获批后,服务提供商通常会在 2 至 7 个工作日内联系您安排宽频安装预约。
大多数 Astro 宽频配套附带 24 个月合约期,从安装日期开始计算。如您搬迁,可能需要在新地址重新签订 24 个月合约。
可以,您可在新地址具备服务覆盖的情况下迁移宽频服务。合约期限可能会从新安装日期起重新计算 24 个月。
可以,您可申请在家中调整宽频设备位置。若属于非标准安装,可能会产生额外费用,并需在评估后直接支付给安装人员。
可以,您可转用 Astro 宽频。为避免服务中断,建议在终止现有宽频合约前先开通新的宽频服务。
标准安装在促销期间可能免费,但非标准安装(如设备迁移或复杂布线)可能会产生额外费用,并需直接支付给安装人员。
You will be contacted by an Astro representative within two working days to advise you on the next course of action.
Please close and re-launc hthe Astro Fibre app, and you will be able to log in.

1. Please connect your computer or laptop to your Astro Fibre router using WiFi or LAN cable. Your LAN cable must be connected from the yellow port of Astro Fibre router (Any available port).
2. Once connected, open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, type http://192.168.100.254 and below page will appear.

Login using your username and password if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router login is as per below.
Username: user
Password: user
4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click WLAN to configure the WiFi parameters.

6. You may change the Primary SSID (WiFI Name) and the WPA Passphrase (WiFi Password) to follow your preferences for 2.4G Wi-Fi Settings, then click "Save & Apply" for the changes to take place.

7. You may make the same changes for 5G Settings by change the Primary SSID (WiFI Name) and the WPA Passphrase (WiFi Password) to follow your preferences, then click "Save & Apply" for the changes to take place.

Yes, a third party is allowed to make the advance payment on your behalf. In the case of refund, the amount will be returned to the owner of the third-party account (source of payment).
By changing from a higher contract duration e.g., 24-months commitment period to lower contract duration e.g., 12-months, a proration of the cancellation fee will be applicable whereby you will be charged per contract's month balance against the maximum cancellation fee agreed upon during sign up for the offer.
A proration of the cancellation fee will be applicable whereby you will be charged per contract's month balance against the maximum cancellation fee agreed upon during sign up for the offer.
You will start a new contract with 12-months commitment and receive the corresponding discount for that duration.
Check out how a cancellation fee is calculated with examples via this link:
Astro introduces Liga Malaysia for all Astro customers to watch the Malaysian Football League’s Liga Malaysia competitions LIVE, comprising Perlawanan Sumbangsih (Piala Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah), Liga Super, Piala FA and Piala Malaysia live in HD on Astro Arena (CH801), Arena Bola channels (CH803 and CH804) and stream on Astro GO until further notice.
No. However, if you cancel your Astro Pay TV services but resubscribe at a later date, your duration (year) with us will reset to zero and restart according to your new activation date. Your Astro Rewards tier will reset to Magenta.
Yes, you can upgrade your internet speed. However, speed downgrade is not allowed.
No, Ultra Box is only available for Entertainment Pack and above only.
Depending on your service, it is mandatory to return some devices as per our T&Cs, whilst other devices should be disposed of and recycled at collection centres registered under the Department of Environment. To find out what you should do with your devices after service termination, please click here.
To allow customers to decide on their WiFi connection arrangement based on their preference upon being advised by the installer on-site.
User to manually connect their devices to different WiFi bands based on their usage and preference.
The notification you receive will depend on the payment method you choose:
(i) My Astro Portal: e-receipt will indicate payment confirmation.
(ii) IVR: Payment status will be notified over the IVR and an SMS notification will be sent for successful transactions.
(iii) SMS: Payment status will be notified via SMS.
(iv) Call: Payment status will be notified via SMS.
(v) Customer Service Centre: Physical receipt will indicate payment confirmation.
We would need you to run few tests in order for us to understand your issue and to assist you in fixing the problem.
You may proceed with the troubleshooting steps below which should not require any longer than 15 minutes.
1. Please run each of the tests according to your your Laptop/ PC Software.
2. Compile the pictures/ screenshots of your test results in one file (i.e Microsof Word document, PDF file) and attach them in the Support Ticket below in order for us to assist you further:
3. Once you've gathered all the results, kindly send them all through the Feedback Form below,
Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our server.
Upon completion of the termination process, customer will receive one last closing bill stating the total amount due to Astro according to their billing option.
For customers who had opted to switch their billing option to e-bill or SMS bill, they will receive their final bill accordingly.
For customers who opted for paper bill, they will receive the final bill via paper bill. (The Paper Bill Charge will be applied).
Please use your Astro ID that was registered with your Astro Fibre subscription to log in to the Astro Fibre App.
There are no switching fees apply when existing Astro customer move to new packs.
Multiroom (Smart TV) is a secondary subscription that allows you to enjoy your favourite Astro shows instantly in different rooms at the same time on your Smart TV. Subscribe to Multiroom (Smart TV) at RM29.99 per month (excl. any govt. tax), and simply download the Astro app on your second TV-screen and connect to your home Wi-Fi to stream.
Service will resume within 3 hours after payment is made.
Please note that your request to opt out has been processed, and payment for Disney+ Hotstar is not required. Your bill adjustment will be reflected in your next bill.
The Multi-user Profile feature allows customers to create individual profiles within their Astro Box and Astro GO with the following personalisations:
The MUP feature is a great way to allow individual users to tailor personal Astro experiences whilst using a shared device (e.g.: Astro Box) in the household, providing them with better personalised recommendations and encouraging better content discovery.
Click here to find out more on this new feature and how to use it!
The "coming soon" label on some streamingapps on your TV and the "Apps" page of Astro's website allows our customers tostay on top of new launches as they happen! Stay tuned for these upcomingstreaming apps so you can access even more content that you love from acrossthe world.
STEP 1
Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2
Locate the SIM card at the left side and gently pull it out.

STEP 3
Wipe the SIM card's gold chip clean using a dry soft cloth.

STEP 4
Make sure the gold chip is facing down and reinsert it all the way in.

STEP 5
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.
Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 6
Turn on your Ultra Box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.

If issue persist, please submit the issue in our Feedback Form with the error details and provide sim card number for assistance.
You are entitled for free mesh WiFi devices when you sign up for Astro & Broadband with Maxis fibre 500Mbps or 800Mbps speed only.
Mesh WiFi is not available with Astro & Broadband with Allo. However, you may purchase the Mesh WiFi devices separately to pair along with you Allo broadband.
There will be no changes to your Netflix account when you move to a new address.
We would need you to run few tests in order for us to understand your issue and to assist you in fixing the problem.
This will not take longer than 15 minutes.


We need you to run the Speed Test using both WiFi connection and LAN cable.

4. Once you've gathered all the results, attach in Feedback Form for further assistance.
Quick Info
Depending on your service, it is mandatory to return some devices as per our T&Cs, whilst other devices should be disposed of and recycled at collection centres registered under the Department of Environment. To find out what you should do with your devices after service termination, please click here.
We noticed that you've recently requested for a change in your Astro account.
As this change will affect your overall monthly subscription, the expiry date for your Disney+ Hotstar (3-months Pass) subscription has been deferred to xxx (date) to consolidate the final monthly subscription pricing.
There are 2 methods of setting maturity ratings restriction on Netflix:
Method 1 – Create a Kids Profile in Netflix App on Ultra/Ulti Box
Method 2 – Manually set Viewing Restrictions for each profile
For more information kindly visit:
Disney+ Hotstar app is now available to Astro customers on the Ultra and Ulti Box will be able to enjoy the app on the big screen and stream all their favourite blockbuster movies from Hollywood to Hallyu and award-winning shows from Disney, Marvel, Star Wars, Pixar, National Geographic, FX and 20th Century Studios!
For customers subscribed to our New Astro Packs (for example: Primary, Entertainment or Sports Packs), you will be charged a one-off switching fee of RM10 (excl. govt tax) if you decide to switch to another ala-carte add-on with a lower fee. For example, removing Korean add-on (RM9.99/month) and purchasing Horror add-on (RM5.99/month) will incur a RM10 (excl. govt tax) switching fee to your account.
For customers subscribed to our Old Astro Packs (for example: Super or Dynasty Packs), there will be a one-off switching fee of RM10 (excl. govt tax) if you decide to switch to another ala-carte add-on with a lower or same fee. For example, removing Korean add-on (RM9.99/month) and purchasing Horror add-on (RM5.99/month) OR Kids add-on (RM9.99/month) will incur a RM10 (excl. govt tax) switching fee to your account.
Having trouble with your phone line ?
You may proceed to contact dedicated service provider directly - 1 800 8211 23
Please contact us through one of our platforms found here or Self-serve by logging in to Astro Self-Service Portal within 3-7 days before moving out and we will sort everything out for you!
No, please use a Malaysian mobile number registered with a local network service to register and activate access for Disney+ Hotstar with your Astro subscription.
Astro TV customers
No, you will not be required to take on a new contract after moving. If you still have an existing contract, the contract will continue.
Broadband / IPTV customers
Yes, your contract will be renewed to a new 24-month contract.
The payment will take some time to reflect in My Astro app and web account. If you experience any further issues or it is still not reflecting in My Astro, please reach out to us via WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838 for more details.
We are sorry you are thinking of leaving us.
If you wish to cancel your Astro subscription, kindly do take note of the information below if your account is still within contract period,
Please ensure that you are using the correct ID for eKYC submission.
For Malaysians :
1. Please ensure you are using MyKad or MyTentera.
2. Capture the front and back of your ID.
3. Ensure that there is no glare when capturing the photo.
4. Ensure that are capturing it in a bright room to have the highest picture quality.
5. Please do not cover your ID when capturing it, as it may impact the OCR Optical Character Recognition accuracy.
For Malaysian Permanent Resident and Other Nationality :
1. Please use Passport only.
2. Please capture your whole passport, which has your personal information on it and your signature.
3. Ensure that there is no glare when capturing the photo.
4. Please do not cover your ID with your when capturing it, as it may impact the OCR Optical Character Recognition accuracy.
The amount you're charged depends on:
No, there is no penalty or switching fee if you decide to cancel your Multiroom (Smart TV) subscription.
If you are interested to upgrade your box, you can do so via Astro's retailers or online as follows:
I. Visit https://hub.astro.com.my/#5
II. Select `Box Upgrade` and log in with your Astro ID
III. Select the box you would like to upgrade

You may proceed with the following troubleshooting steps and it shouldn’t take you much longer than 15 minutes.
1. Please standby a computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN cable (connect the LAN cable to the Black port at D-Link Router and direct to the computer/laptop).
2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, please go to tplinkwifi.net and to access to below login page. Type the Username and Password, then click "Login".

The default login of the router is available on the sticker at the back of the router. If you have done a configuration on your router previously, the password may be different)

For example, below is the login details of the above router:
Username: admin
Password: TIMECE24
4. Once you have successfully login, the router's web-based setup page will appear. Please follow below steps for the configuration.

5. From the top menu, choose Basic and then click Wireless tab on the left menu to access to below screen.

6. Since this is a dual band router, you will have 2 Wireless Network Names (SSID) i.e. 2.4GHz and 5GHz. You may connect to any of the SSID, preferably with a stronger signal available.
7. You may change the Wireless Network Name (SSID) and the Password to follow your preferences, then click "Save" for the changes to take place.
Please reconnect to the new wireless name with the new password once completed.
Yes, you may terminate the service. However, an early cancellation fee will be applied for terminations/cancellations within 24 months. Please refer to the Astro Fibre's cancellation details.
Each Astro customer is entitled up to 4 smart devices to be registered including mobile, laptops, tablets and Smart TV per household.
If you have maximised the registered device, you will be able to see the list of all your current registered devices on your mobile screen. Please remove any one device to allow the current Smart TV device to be included.

Do note that only 1 Smart TV device is allowed at any point in time.
STEP 1
Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2A
Unplug the HDMI cable from your box and plug it back in securely. Do select the correct TV input.

STEP 2B
If you are connecting using RCA cable, please unplug the RCA cable from your box and plug it back in securely.

STEP 3
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.
Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 4
Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem. If issue remain, replace to another HDMI cable.

If no improvement seen, please submit the issue in our Feedback Form and attach a picture of your smart card number for assistance.
Astro Channel 200 is a self-service portal that helps you upgrade your packages and purchase add-ons instantly.
Your documents will be handled in compliance with standards set by PDPA (Personal Data Protection Act 2010) and will not be used for other means without your specific consent.
Once you have received the eKYC link via SMS/email/astro.com.my, you can proceed to follow the instructions on the screen. You can check out the step-by-step image below for more info.
For MyKad/MyPR/MyTentera :

For Passport :

My Astro app and web is currently available in English and Bahasa Malaysia only.
If you accidently clicked “delete my account†on the Astro Fibre app, you will bedirected to submit a request via Feedback Form as the image below.

If you submit a request, our Astro representative will get back to you within 3 business days to learn more about the issue(s) you are currently facing with the app. Customers may proceed to permanently delete their account during the call if they wish. Once complete, your Astro ID will be deleted and you will be unlinked from all Astro apps and services including partner apps that are associated with your Astro ID including Astro GO, My Astro, Astro Awani, Syok, beIN SPORTS CONNECT, iQIYI, TVBAnywhere+,HBO GO, Gempak, XUAN, Astro Ulagam etc.
You may create another Astro ID by following the steps here and re-link your new account to all Astro apps and services, including partner apps.
STEP 1
Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2
Locate the Smartcard at the front or right side and gently pull it out make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 3
Wipe the Smartcard's gold chip clean using a dry soft cloth.

STEP 4
Make sure the gold chip is facing upwards and reinsert it all the way in.

STEP 5
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on. Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 6
Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.
If issue persist, please submit the issue in our Feedback Form and attach a picture of your General tab of the STB Diagnostics for assistance.
