我们提供一站式服务为您申请Astro和Broadband。不必开车，排队和在销售柜台等候。 我们可以帮助您处理您的申请。

我们不收取额外费用。 无需提供信用卡信息。 费用与您在销售柜台申请的费用相同。

首先，您可以在线申请，我们将在工作时间内立即与您联系。 通过WhatsApp/电子邮件/传真发送您的身份证-IC（马来西亚公民）/ 护照（外国人）的复印件给我们。 收到所有资料后，我们将立即处理您的申请。

一旦收到您的完整资料，我们将在工作时间内立即处理您的申请。一旦您的申请获得批准，服务提供商的承包商将与您联系以进行安装预约。

ASTRO 和宽频收费同时在一张账单，享受更大的节省和无忧的账单支付。 在24个月的合约期内，您可以每月以折扣价享受 Astro 和宽频。

Astro 提供多种电视配套，包括娱乐、体育、电影和儿童配套。您可以选择符合您观看需求的配套，并在适用情况下添加额外的串流应用服务。

可以，您可以只订阅 Astro 电视配套而无需绑定宽频。不过，将 Astro 电视与光纤宽频绑定可享有更好的每月优惠，并且只需支付一张综合账单，更加方便。

对于小型家庭以及轻度上网和串流使用者，100Mbps 通常已足够。较大家庭、游戏玩家或重度串流用户则可选择 500Mbps 或 1Gbps 配套，以获得更流畅的多设备使用体验。

大多数 Astro 电视和光纤宽频配套都附带 24 个月合约期。如在合约期满前取消服务，可能会产生提前终止费用。

可以，您可在符合资格及覆盖范围的情况下随时升级电视配套或宽频速度。根据升级情况，可能需要重新计算合约期限。

您的每月账单将由 Astro 直接发出。您可通过电子邮件接收账单，或通过 Astro 账户在线查看。绑定配套用户将收到电视与宽频服务的综合账单。

付款方式包括网上银行、自动扣款、信用卡或 Astro 提供的其他认可付款渠道。我们的团队将在申请过程中为您提供协助。

如果您遇到任何服务中断问题，可联系 Astro 客户服务寻求技术协助。大多数情况下可远程解决，如有需要将安排技术人员上门处理。

可以，迁移服务需视新地址是否在服务覆盖范围内而定。根据您的配套，可能会产生迁移费用及合约调整。

不需要，提交申请时无需提供信用卡资料。服务获批后，付款安排将由 Astro 直接处理。

部分 Astro 电视配套可根据当前促销及服务情况添加串流服务等附加项目。可能需支付额外月费。

是的，光纤安装时通常会提供 WiFi 路由器。路由器型号可能会根据所选宽频速度配套而有所不同。

可以，我们会在处理您的申请前确认您地址的服务覆盖范围，以确保该地区可安装宽频服务。

马来西亚公民需提供 MyKad 复印件。外籍人士则需在提交宽频申请时提供护照复印件。

申请获批后，服务提供商通常会在 2 至 7 个工作日内联系您安排宽频安装预约。

大多数 Astro 宽频配套附带 24 个月合约期，从安装日期开始计算。如您搬迁，可能需要在新地址重新签订 24 个月合约。

可以，您可在新地址具备服务覆盖的情况下迁移宽频服务。合约期限可能会从新安装日期起重新计算 24 个月。

可以，您可申请在家中调整宽频设备位置。若属于非标准安装，可能会产生额外费用，并需在评估后直接支付给安装人员。

可以，您可转用 Astro 宽频。为避免服务中断，建议在终止现有宽频合约前先开通新的宽频服务。

标准安装在促销期间可能免费，但非标准安装（如设备迁移或复杂布线）可能会产生额外费用，并需直接支付给安装人员。

All streaming apps willbe made available on the Ultra Box first, followed by the Ulti Box. If youwould like to upgrade to the Ultra Box, please visit product.astro.com.my/tv or reach us via WhatsApp by typing “Hi” at 03-9543 3838 forassistance.

A security question will be asked when making payments with credit cards over the phone. All other payment channels will not require any form of verification.

1. Please use a LAN ethernet cable and connect your computer/laptop to the back of the Maxis Router.

2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.

3. On the address bar, please go to http://192.168.1.254 and the page below will appear.

    The default login of the router as below. If you have done a configuration on your router and changed your password previously, please use the password you have previously set.

    Username: administrator

    Password: Router S/N (Available on the sticker at the back of the router)

4. Once you have successfully login, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click Wi-Fi Configuration to configure the Wi-Fi parameters.

6. You may change the Wi-Fi Name and the Password to follow your preferences, then click "Save" for the changes to take place.

Please reconnect to the new wireless name with the new password once completed.

This initiative is part of Astro’s “GO GREEN” journey, which was implemented to promote paperless billing and to play our part in protecting the environment. The objective of the Paper Bill Charge is to encourage our customers to opt for e-Billing as their preferred Bill Delivery Method, which is also a more convenient and efficient way to access and manage their bills. Hence, a fixed RM10.00 monthly charge will be applied to all existing and new Astro customers who opt for Paper Bills as their preferred bill delivery method.

STEP 1

On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2

Navigate to Settings.

STEP 3

Navigate to Standby Mode and press "OK".

STEP 4

Navigate to your preferred selection and press "OK".

STEP 5

Navigate to Save and press "OK" to confirm your selection.

If you would like more information or to provide feedback on Astro Rewards, kindly reach out to us at 03 9543 3838 or visit one of our Astro service centres.

STEP 1

On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2

Navigate to SETTINGS and press "OK".

STEP 3

Navigate to STB Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 4

Navigate to Network Diagnostics and press "OK" .

STEP 5

Please ensure the Tunes service multicast status is Multicast Up.

If the status is Multicast is Not Available, please reboot the decoder and router before verifying this status.

If issue persists, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with error details and attach a picture of your Network Diagnostics.

After order submission, the Plug & Play Box and Astro SIM card will be couriered separately to your service address. The delivery dates with the tracking numbers will be communicated via SMS.

The Plug & Play Box and Astro SIM card should arrive within 3-working days after your order submission. You may self-install your box by following the guide here.

Disney+ Hotstar is available to Astro customers on the Disney+ Hotstar app on Android and iOS devices and website (DisneyPlusHotstar.my) which is accessible on tablets and connected TVs. Unfortunately, Disney+ Hotstar is not available on Astro GO. However, customers can enjoy it on the big screen via the Ultra or Ulti Box. 

The default PIN is 0000. You may change your PIN to a secure one by doing this at Settings, under your Preferences, select PIN Management, enter your old PIN or default PIN and proceed to create a new PIN.

For payments made using credit cards, refunds will be reversed back to the respective card. Whilst payment made by cash and online banking will be made to the account holders bank account.

You may submit your request via Feedback Form with below information details based on your payment method.

Please choose below option in the Feedback Form:

Category: I would like to request for refund

Sub Category: Request for Refund

1) Refund via Bank transfer:

Bank Name: 

Bank Account Number:

*Note: Please confirm your bank account details and ensure it's correct

‍

2) Refund via Foreign bank:

Bank Name:

Bank Account Number:

Bank Swift Code:

IBAN Code:

Currency: Eg: Dollar/Yen etc

*Note: Please confirm your bank account details and ensure it's correct

‍

3) Credit Card:

 Credit Card Number: 

ONLY last 4 digit credit card updated with Astro account

*Note: Please confirm your credit card details and ensure it's correct

Rebates/refunds are not provided. Early termination of the 3-months pass add on is subject to an early termination fee prorated to RM54.90 for the remaining months.

Yes, eKYC verification is mandatory. In addition, this verification process helps to reduce manual handling of customer's personal information and secure against unauthorised usage.

STEP 1    

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2    

Navigate to Settings and press "OK".

STEP 3    

Navigate to STB Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 4    

Navigate to IP Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 5    

IP Diagnostics information will be displayed.

Want to return or recycle your satellite TV devices? It's simple and free!

Here's what you can do with your unused satellite TV devices:

If you have an Ultra or Ulti Box, you may:

1. Return your device to us via Arranged Pick-up:

Step 1: Please call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 to schedule an arranged pick-up by one of our Astro agents.

Step 2: Just sit back and relax! Our courier partner, Citylink will come to your doorstep, dismantle the satellite dish for you and retrieve the devices.

 2. Return your device to us via Dropoff:

Step 1: Please gather your device(s) and click here to find a Customer Service Centre (CSC) or Astro Authorised Retailer (AAR) near you.

Step 2: Don't worry, it's free! Simply walk in during opening hours and hand over the device(s) to one of our Astro agents.

Note: An installer's visit is required to dismantle your satellite dish. However, if you have a Box or other satellite TV devices at home that do not require dismantling, you may walk into any of our authorised dealers and hand them over to the agent.

If your Satellite TV device is NOT an Ultra or Ulti Box, you may:

1)   Recycle your device:

For all Ultra or Ulti Boxes, please return them to Astro via drop-off at a CSC or AAR near you or schedule a pick-up appointment via 03-9543 3838.

For other older Boxes or Satellite TV devices, you are required to discard them only at registered collection centres for proper handling and management of e-waste in an environmentally sound manner. Click here to find a registered collection centre near you.

Note: Upon termination of your Astro service, all Ultra and Ulti Box customers are required to return their devices to Astro. Failure to do so within 14 days of termination may incur a fee of RM100 (not inclusive of Govt. Tax). For customers on all other boxes, please discard your box only at registered collection centres to ensure we all play our part in protecting the environment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Arranged Pick-Ups

1) I missed the pickup appointment; what do I do now?

Our agent will make two attempts to retrieve the device(s) and dismantle your satellite dish within a period of 14 days, failing which the penalty of RM100 (not inclusive of Govt. tax) would be imposed.

2) Can I reschedule my pickup date?

Yes! Please call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 to reschedule your pickup date.

3) My old devices do not require dismantling; do I have to pack them before handing them over to the delivery agent?

Please pack your device(s) in their original box/packaging if possible. If this option is not available to you, just hand the device(s) over to the delivery agent without any packaging. You will not be charged any fees if the original packaging has been damaged/lost.

4) Do I have to print anything or fill in any forms before handing my device(s) over to the Astro agent?

No, you do not have to prepare any documents before handing your device(s) over to the Astro agent. All you have to do is get your device(s)ready before the Astro agent arrives to ensure a smooth handover process.

5) I have an old/unused satellite dish at my home and I am not an Astro customer; can I still schedule an installer visit to dismantle and return it?  

Yes! Not to worry, you can still schedule an installer visit to dismantle the satellite dish from your home.

Drop-offs

1) Do I have to pack my device(s) before handing it over to the Astro agent?

Please pack your device(s) in their original box/packaging if possible. If this option is not available to you, just hand the device(s) over to the Astro agent without any packaging. You will not be charged any fees if the original packaging has been damaged/lost.

2) There are no Customer Service Centre (CSCs) or Astro Authorised Retailers (AARs) near me; what do I do now?

Please opt for courier pick-up if there are no CSCs or AARs near you. Call 03-9543 3838 now to schedule a pick-up appointment by one of our courier partners if you are holding an Ultra or Ulti Box For non-Ultra or Ulti boxes, you may recycle your box at a registered collection center. Click here to find a registered collection center near you.

3) Do I have to print anything or fill in any forms before handing my device(s) over to the Astro agent?

No, you do not have to prepare any documents before handing your device(s) over to the Astro agent. All you have to do is hand the device(s)over to the agent and you're done! You will also receive an acknowledgment slip after successful handover.

4) I found my Box and Smart card, however, the cable(s) that came with it is lost; will there be any penalty fees?

No, please return your old Plug & Play Boxes and Smartcard. There will be no penalty fees if the cable is damaged or lost.

Recycle via Registered Collection Centres

For all recycling-related questions, please click here.

Still Need a Hand?

Not to worry, we are only a phone call or a message away! Call or WhatsApp our Customer Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 and an Astro agent will be available to assist you immediately.

You may use the same feedback form and choose below options.

Category: I would like to request for refund

Sub Category: Request for Refund

Step 1: Visit https://id.astro.com.my/ and click on “Forgot Password?”

Step 2: Enter your username, email or mobile number. A verification code will be sent to you. Please enter it into the field and click “Verify” to reset your password.

Your purchased PPV daily pass will still be accessible to you for the purchased duration ie. 3, 5, 7 or 30 days respectively. However, you will no longer be able to purchase PPV daily passes from 8 Oct onward.

1. For WiFi connection:
   • For Internet speeds up to 300Mbps, the user needs to have minimum WiFi 802.11n (5GHz) capabilities
   • For Internet speeds up to 500Mbps, the user needs to have minimum WiFi 802.11ac (5GHz) capabilities
   • For Internet speeds up to 800Mbps, the user needs to have minimum WiFi 802.11ax (5GHz) capabilities
2. ​For Wired connection:
   • The users need to use Cat5e Network cable or better and have their device equipped with 1Gbit Network Interface Card (NIC)
3. A summary of the minimum specifications for devices as tabulated below:

 

1. Number of WiFi antennas in the client device
2. Distance and WiFi signal strength between client device and RGW/Mesh AP
3. Overall WiFi signal congestion/pollution in area
4. Total number of devices connected to the RGW/Mesh AP

Remarks: As a note, even meeting those minimum requirements, it is not a guarantee that devices connected over WiFi will be able to take advantage of the maximum subscribed speeds due to one or more of the following:

• Distance from the RGW/Mesh AP
• Client's Wi-Fi hardware specifications/capabilities
• Overall Wi-Fi signal quality in the area

STEP 1
Please wait while your Astro box initializes.



STEP 2
Select your preferred language.



STEP 3
Navigate to Next and press "OK".



STEP 4
Select Auto as the Video Resolution.



STEP 5
Navigate to Next and press "OK".



STEP 6
Navigate to Confirm and press "OK" to confirm your selection if you are able to read the texts on screen properly.
Otherwise, navigate to Cancel to revert to the previous settings.



STEP 7
Select IPTV Plug & Play (self-install) as the box operating mode.



STEP 8
Navigate to Next and press "OK".



STEP 9
Select your preferred connection.
For connection via Wi-Fi, proceed to STEP 10.
For connection via LAN Cable, proceed to STEP 16 once you are connected.



STEP 10
Please wait while your Astro box searches for available Wi-Fi networks.



STEP 11
Navigate to your preferred Wi-Fi network and press "OK".



STEP 12
Please enter the password to connect to the Wi-Fi network.



STEP 13
Navigate to Done to continue.



STEP 14
Please wait while your Astro box connects to the internet.



STEP 15
Navigate to Yes to allow your Astro box to connect to this network automatically.
Otherwise, navigate to No.
Proceed to STEP 17 for the next step.



STEP 16
Navigate to Next and press "OK". 



STEP 17
Your box's connection status will be displayed.
Navigate to Finish to complete the setup.

Astro subscribers will have the freedom to subscribe to Netflix via Astro, or they may also choose to continue subscribing via Netflix directly on their own.

This error indicates that you are streaming on Astro GO while being connected to a VPN. Please close your VPN application and try streaming again.

If you are still having issues, proceed to submit report via WhatsApp or Feedback Form.

You will need to bring along all devices to your new place as no new devices will be issued.

Relocation will be subjected to new 24 months recontract and standard relocation fee applies for both Maxis and Allo respectively.

 

STEP 1

Try to change channels on your Astro remote. Check the LED light.
If the LED is blinking 3 times or if it is not blinking, replace the batteries and proceed to STEP 2.
Otherwise, if the LED is blinking 1 time, your remote is working fine, let's proceed to STEP 3.

STEP 2

Check if you can change channels using your Astro remote control. You should no longer be experiencing this problem if is a battery issue.
If issue remain after batteries replacement, proceed to STEP 3.

STEP 3

You need to refresh the box setting manually from the box front panel.
Refer to Refresh Box setting (Clear NVRAM) - Ultra / Ulti Box. 
If issue persist, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form.
 

The minimum internet speed required to stream via Ultra Plug & Play Box is 30Mbps for 4K UHD viewing, and Ultra/Ulti Plug & Play is 10Mbps for HD viewing. For better streaming experience, we recommend 100Mbps and above.

Yes, you can. If you are an existing Astro customer with the Disney+ Hotstar add-on option, your Disney+ Hotstar add-on option will be converted without any early termination charge upon your successful re-contract to eligible bundle packages. 

Yes,existing Astro & Broadband customers within contract or out of contract can subscribe to Astro Fibre offer. The 24-month contract will be renewed.

However, your contract with Maxis/Allo needs to be terminated before signing up to this offer. An early cancellation fee applies if you are still within contract.

‍*Subject to Terms &Conditions of your contract

No, the Astro Fibre App is available for Astro Fibre customers with the RG21 router only.

Yes, you can return the Astro Box & Smart Card/SIM Card even after being charged for the box fee. After successfully returning the box, Astro will proceed to refund the box fee within 30 days from the confirmation date of the returned items to our Astro warehouse.

For app, you may go to "Manage' > "Support' section and  provide your feedback either through the feedback form or chat with us via WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838.

For web, you may go to "Support' menu and provide your feedback either through the feedback form or chat with us via WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838.

For Ultra and/or Ulti box, you may chat with us via WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838.

Tap on the "Account' screen on the navigation bar to view your outstanding balance. Click on "Pay Now' to pay your bill. If your payment is successful, you will receive a record and your payment history will be updated.

Yes, you may upgrade to the Ultra Box if you are currently on the Entertainment or Movie Pack. If you are on the 500Mbps or 800Mbps plan, the upgrade will be free. However, a one-time fee of RM100 (excluding Govt. Tax) will apply if you are on the 50Mbps or 100Mbps plan. Please call or WhatsApp our Customer Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 if you would like to make this upgrade. Please refer to the table below for the complete guide for Ultra Box upgrade:

No. Starting 1 April 2024, for new customers and current customers looking to switch their Asian Favourites, our Asian Favourites options will be:

• Viu Premium
• Indonesian Favourites
• Indian Favourites

TVB content will continue to be available via TVB Jade (CH310) and Astro AOD (CH311) as well as On Demand. If you would like to subscribe to the TVBAnywhere+ app, you may still do so by purchasing it directly from TVB.
 

The RM15 monthly rebate (before Govt. Tax) will be applicable to all on-going Multiroom Smart TV subscriptions until further notice. However, in the event of rebate expiry, Astro will notify impacted customers in advance via email or SMS. To update your contact details, please reach out via a feedback form here.

Customers on the Multiroom (Smart TV) app can stream these two channels (CH549 Love Nature & CH805 Astro SuperSport) if their TV model supports 4K UHD resolution.

Kindly note that these Sony TV models do not support 4K UHD resolution:
• Sony BRAVIA 4K GB
• Sony BRAVIA 4K UR
• Sony BRAVIA VH

*CH805 Astro SuperSport is only available to customers on the Sports, Sports Plus, Premium 1, Premium 2, Premium 4, Platinum Lite and Platinum Packs.

If you sign up for Maxis 30/100/300Mbps broadband speeds, you are not entitled for the complimentary mesh WiFi devices. However, you may walk into any Maxis Retail Stores to purchase the mesh WiFi devices.

I am sorry you can't. While we understand the value customers see in choosing their preferred service/pack individually, the packaging of channels/services in the new packs are necessary for us to offer content/services at an affordable price to our customers.

No, you need to have an Astro ID to enjoy the features.

If you are interested to upgrade your box, you can do so via Astro's retailers or online as follows:

I. Visit https://hub.astro.com.my/#5

II. Select `Box Upgrade` and log in with your Astro ID

III. Select the box you would like to upgrade

Yes, Mesh WiFi add-on is available for both Astro Fibre Bundle and Astro Fibre subscription.

STEP 1    

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2    

Navigate to Preferences and press "OK".

STEP 3  

Navigate to Language and press "OK".

STEP 4    

Choose your language preferences and press "OK".

STEP 5  

Select Yes, continue and press "OK" to confirm on the changes.    

Otherwise, select No, go back to cancel.

You can proceed with below troubleshooting if the weather is good. Otherwise, you may try again later.

‍

STEP 1

On your remote, press the “HOME” button and the home menu will be displayed at the bottom of your screen.

STEP 2

Navigate to SETTINGS and press “OK”.

STEP 3

Navigate to STB DIAGNOSTICS and press “OK”.

STEP 4

Refer to the signal strength % shown on the top left of your screen.

If it is 65% or higher, please take the screenshot and submit your Feedback Form.

If it is below 65%, please go to Step 5.

STEP 5

Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter’s power light is off.

‍STEP 6

Unscrew the satellite cable from the box and pull it out.

STEP 7

Plug the satellite cable back into the box and screw it back securely.

STEP 8

Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter’s power light is on.

Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 9

Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this issue.

‍

If issue persist, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form and attach a picture of your General tab of the STB Diagnostics for assistance.

‍

Centralized Dish

If issue persist under a centralized satellite dish, please refer to your respective Building Management before contacting our agents.

The balance will be credited into your account, which will be reflected when you receive your next bill. The balance credit will be used to offset your bill balance.

Your Astro Rewards tier is based on how long you've continuously been an Active Astro Pay TV customer:

• Magenta: 0 - 2 years
• Silver: >2 - 9 years
• Gold: >9 - 15 years
• Diamond: >15+ years

The rewards you will receive depends on which tier you're in. Rewards are cumulative: If you're in Diamond tier, you will be able to enjoy all the benefits from Magenta, Silver, and Gold tiers.

If you cancel your Astro Pay TV services but resubscribe at a later date, your duration (year) with us will reset to zero and restart according to your new activation date. Your Astro Rewards tier will reset to Magenta.

STEP 1

Check on the adapter's power light.

If the adapter's power light is ON, please refer to Blank Screen troubleshooting steps here.

Otherwise, if the adapter's power light is OFF, switch off the power for your box.

STEP 2

Ensure power cable is connected tightly.

Plug in power cable to different power socket and switch on the plug.

You should no longer be experiencing this problem.

If issue remains, proceed to STEP 3.

STEP 3

Try a different power socket to connect the equipment.

Turn on the power socket and check the adapter's power light.

If there is no light on your power adaptor's, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with error details and provide your sim card number for assistance.

Please indicate in the form if any lightning strike/thunderstorm/power trip occurred.

You can add on Astro Fibre, our own internet service to your existing TV Pack for even more value and savings. Please click here to learn more about Astro Fibre.

Want to return your Ultra or Ulti Plug & Play Box? It's simple and free!

Here's what you can do with your unused Ultra/Ulti Plug & Play Box:

1. Return your device to us via Arranged Pick-up:

Step 1: Please call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 to schedule an arranged pick-up by one of our courier partners.

Step 2: Just sit back and relax! A courier agent will come to your doorstep to retrieve the devices.

Refund fee is subject to your processing bank. However, Astro did not impose refund processing fee.

Yes, the Multiroom (Smart TV) will utilise one (1) of your Astro GO concurrency.

Customers subscribing to Multiroom (Smart TV) can enjoy access up to 4 concurrency (watch 4 screens at the same time) which is shared across one Smart TV device and 3 mobile/laptop/tablet device(s) as Astro GO+ is complimentary with a Multiroom (Smart TV) subscription.

1. Please connect your computer or laptop to your Astro Fibre router using LAN cable. Your LAN cable must be connected from the yellow port of Astro Fibre router (Any available port).

2. Once connected, open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.

3. On the address bar, type http://192.168.100.254 and below page will appear.

Login using your username and password if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router login is as per below.

Username: user

Password: user

4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click More to configure the WiFi parameters.

6. From the left menu, select WLAN and choose Wi-FI Advanced Network to access the screen below.

7. To change the channel on 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, click the drop-down arrow for Channel, then select your desired channel.

8. Then, click "Apply" for the changes to take  place.