我们提供一站式服务为您申请Astro和Broadband。不必开车，排队和在销售柜台等候。 我们可以帮助您处理您的申请。

我们不收取额外费用。 无需提供信用卡信息。 费用与您在销售柜台申请的费用相同。

首先，您可以在线申请，我们将在工作时间内立即与您联系。 通过WhatsApp/电子邮件/传真发送您的身份证-IC（马来西亚公民）/ 护照（外国人）的复印件给我们。 收到所有资料后，我们将立即处理您的申请。

一旦收到您的完整资料，我们将在工作时间内立即处理您的申请。一旦您的申请获得批准，服务提供商的承包商将与您联系以进行安装预约。

ASTRO 和宽频收费同时在一张账单，享受更大的节省和无忧的账单支付。 在24个月的合约期内，您可以每月以折扣价享受 Astro 和宽频。

Astro 提供多种电视配套，包括娱乐、体育、电影和儿童配套。您可以选择符合您观看需求的配套，并在适用情况下添加额外的串流应用服务。

可以，您可以只订阅 Astro 电视配套而无需绑定宽频。不过，将 Astro 电视与光纤宽频绑定可享有更好的每月优惠，并且只需支付一张综合账单，更加方便。

对于小型家庭以及轻度上网和串流使用者，100Mbps 通常已足够。较大家庭、游戏玩家或重度串流用户则可选择 500Mbps 或 1Gbps 配套，以获得更流畅的多设备使用体验。

大多数 Astro 电视和光纤宽频配套都附带 24 个月合约期。如在合约期满前取消服务，可能会产生提前终止费用。

可以，您可在符合资格及覆盖范围的情况下随时升级电视配套或宽频速度。根据升级情况，可能需要重新计算合约期限。

您的每月账单将由 Astro 直接发出。您可通过电子邮件接收账单，或通过 Astro 账户在线查看。绑定配套用户将收到电视与宽频服务的综合账单。

付款方式包括网上银行、自动扣款、信用卡或 Astro 提供的其他认可付款渠道。我们的团队将在申请过程中为您提供协助。

如果您遇到任何服务中断问题，可联系 Astro 客户服务寻求技术协助。大多数情况下可远程解决，如有需要将安排技术人员上门处理。

可以，迁移服务需视新地址是否在服务覆盖范围内而定。根据您的配套，可能会产生迁移费用及合约调整。

不需要，提交申请时无需提供信用卡资料。服务获批后，付款安排将由 Astro 直接处理。

部分 Astro 电视配套可根据当前促销及服务情况添加串流服务等附加项目。可能需支付额外月费。

是的，光纤安装时通常会提供 WiFi 路由器。路由器型号可能会根据所选宽频速度配套而有所不同。

可以，我们会在处理您的申请前确认您地址的服务覆盖范围，以确保该地区可安装宽频服务。

马来西亚公民需提供 MyKad 复印件。外籍人士则需在提交宽频申请时提供护照复印件。

申请获批后，服务提供商通常会在 2 至 7 个工作日内联系您安排宽频安装预约。

大多数 Astro 宽频配套附带 24 个月合约期，从安装日期开始计算。如您搬迁，可能需要在新地址重新签订 24 个月合约。

可以，您可在新地址具备服务覆盖的情况下迁移宽频服务。合约期限可能会从新安装日期起重新计算 24 个月。

可以，您可申请在家中调整宽频设备位置。若属于非标准安装，可能会产生额外费用，并需在评估后直接支付给安装人员。

可以，您可转用 Astro 宽频。为避免服务中断，建议在终止现有宽频合约前先开通新的宽频服务。

标准安装在促销期间可能免费，但非标准安装（如设备迁移或复杂布线）可能会产生额外费用，并需直接支付给安装人员。

The entire eKYC verification process may be completed within 5 minutes.

Mesh WiFi devices are available as an add-on subscription from RM10/month across all Astro Fibre speeds. You may subscribe to a maximum of 5 units of Mesh WiFi per Astro Fibre subscription. 

You can contact Astro's Contact Centre (03 - 9543 1543) to subscribe to the Mesh WiFi.

Please follow the steps below to verify your Astro ID:

 

Multiroom discount rates will be removed upon splitting the account.

For any technical issues, you may visit Astro's Help & Support page or contact Astro via WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838 by typing PNP.

STEP 1

Check on your TV input to ensure correct input selected.

If issue remains, switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2

Unplug the HDMI cable from your box and plug it back in securely.

STEP 3

Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on. Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 4

Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.

If issue persist, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with the error details and provide  sim card number for assistance.

Firstly, you would have to retrieve your email address/mobile number. Please follow the steps in Q7 in order to do so. Then, follow the steps in Q5 and Q6 to check or update your contact details. Please use your updated email address or mobile number as your Astro ID to log in moving forward.

Note: Only Astro customers whose Astro ID is linked to their subscription can retrieve their Astro ID this way. Otherwise, you would need to create a new Astro ID.

For more information about the Astro Fibre App, you may click here for a detailed user guide.

Slow browsing using LAN cable

Looks like there is something wrong with your service connection.

Please run the Speed Test and attach the picture or screenshot of the speed test in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.

Click here for Speed Test guideline.

Quick Info

A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access  parameters, such as connection data rate.
 

Slow browsing using Wi-Fi

1. Router Positioning

Most people underestimate the importance of picking a good spot for a Wi-Fi router. Even a small shift in positioning could end up being the difference between day and night.
 

i) High vs. Low

Put the router as high up as possible to extend the broadcasting range of the radio waves. This also helps clear the router of possible interferences.
 

ii) Concrete & Metals

Make sure your router isn't blocked by any other objects, especially devices that are electronic. Also, avoid placing your router in your basement as this area is usually enclosed by a lot of concrete, which can be almost impossible for Wi-Fi signals to penetrate.
 

iii) Distance to Router

The further away from your router you get, the weaker the Wi-Fi signal. Therefore, the best option is to place your router as close to your devices as possible, but this is only practical if you have one main area where you tend to use your devices.
 

Otherwise, you should place your router near the center of your home. After all, Wi-Fi broadcasts in 360 degrees, so it doesn't make sense to put it at one end of the house.

2. Wireless Interference & Noise

You've probably never noticed but there are wireless signals all around you wherever you go and  they're passing through you all the time. From where? Electronic devices, Wi-Fi routers, satellites, cell towers, and more.

Although Wi-Fi is supposed to be on a different frequency than most of these devices, the amount of radio noise can  still cause interference. Some common causes of interference include:

i) Microwaves

ii) Bluetooth Devices

iii) Cordless Phone

 

3. Surrounding Wi-Fi signals

A truth of the modern world is that every household has their own Wi-Fi network, which can cause issues with channel  overlap. This can be somewhat problematic in a townhouse, but is especially problematic in housing complexes and apartments where there can be many routers within close proximity.

Which is why it's important that you pick a good channel in your router settings. Modern routers can choose channels for you automatically, but sometimes it's better to investigate and find the best channel yourself.

 

4. Usage

More likely, however, is that the people on your network such as friends, roommates, or family members are participating in bandwidth-heavy activities like gaming and streaming Ultrabox/ Netflix.

Fortunately, if this is the case, you can prioritize your own network traffic by enabling Quality of Service in your router settings.

If the problem persists, please run a Ping Test, Traceroute Test and attach the picture or screenshot of both test results in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.

Please make sure to attach the required screenshot(s) in ONE file (i.e. Microsoft Word document, PDF, Image file) before submitting the form.


Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our server.

Please disregard the reminder if payment had been made and do check if you have any outstanding balance on Astro Quick Pay.

Yes, you can go to "Account' and scroll to "Subscription' and select TV pack. You may reach out to us via WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838 for more details.

Of course not! It is a value-added service introduced for your convenience.

No, the courier charges are borne by Astro for the retrieval of the box and Smart Card/SIM Card.

There will be two attempts made to retrieve the box and you are required to be available at the agreed upon time.

STEP 1    

Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.

STEP 2    

Put the box on standby mode.

STEP 3    

Press and hold the Home button on the box.

STEP 4    

Wait until "boot" appear on the front panel and released.

STEP 5    

New Installation Settings page will appear.    

Click here for the guides to complete the setup.

 

STEP 1    

Switch off the power of your box and ensure the adapter�s power light is off.

STEP 2    

Switch on the power of your box and ensure the adapter�s power light is on.

STEP 3    

Press and hold the Ch+ and Ch- keys on the box simultaneously when the "boot" message appears on the front panel.

STEP 4    

Wait until the "Clr" message appears on the front panel, then release the Ch+ and Ch- keys.

STEP 5    

New Installation Settings page will appear.    

Click here for the guides to complete the setup.

 

STEP 1    

Ensure your box is on standby mode. (Red light on box's front panel).

STEP 2    

Press and hold the Standby button. Wait until the LED at front panel change from red to green for 3 times, then release the button.

STEP 3    

New Installation Settings page will appear.    

Click here for the guides to complete the setup.

 

STEP 1    

Switch off the power of your box and ensure that the adapter�s power light is off.

STEP 2    

Switch on the power of your box and ensure that the adapter's power light is on.

STEP 3    

Keep pressing the 'Power' button until the Startup Option screen appears.

STEP 4    

Press "369" on the remote control to trigger refresh box setting menu.

STEP 5    

Press "OK" to proceed. The box will be refreshed to the original setting.

STEP 6    

New Installation Settings page will appear.    

Click here for the guides to complete the setup.

STEP 1

On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2

Navigate to Settings.

STEP 3

Navigate to Video Resolution and press “OK”.

STEP 4

Navigate to your preferred selection and press “OK”.

Recommended to select Auto.

STEP 5

Navigate to Save and press "OK" to confirm your selection if able to read the text properly.

Otherwise, navigate to Cancel to revert to previous settings.

Yes, you can upgrade your internet speed. However, speed downgrade is not allowed.

The Multi-user Profile feature allows customers to create individual profiles within their Astro Box and Astro GO with the following personalisations:

• Personalised Recommendations
• Continue Watching 
• Watch List
• Last Viewed Channel
• Favourite & Blocked Channels

The MUP feature is a great way to allow individual users to tailor personal Astro experiences whilst using a shared device (e.g.: Astro Box) in the household, providing them with better personalised recommendations and encouraging better content discovery.

Click here to find out more on this new feature and how to use it!

Tap on the "Account' screen on the navigation bar to view your outstanding balance. Click on "Pay Now' to pay your bill. If your payment is successful, you will receive a record and your payment history will be updated.

Please note that only one Disney+ Hotstar access is bundled to each TV Pack subscription which allows two concurrent streams on Disney+ Hotstar. 

STEP 1
Switch off the power for your box and  make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2
Locate the Smartcard at the front or right side and gently pull it out make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 3
Wipe the Smartcard's gold chip clean using a dry soft cloth.

STEP 4
Make sure the gold chip is facing upwards and reinsert it all the way in.

STEP 5
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on. Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 6
Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.
If issue persist, please submit the issue in our Feedback Form and attach a picture of your General tab of the STB Diagnostics  for assistance.

 

Netflix is available to IPTV customers on the Ultra Box and Ulti Box. Non-Ultra Box customers will not be able to access Netflix on CH741. Please upgrade to the Ultra Box/Ulti Box to access Netflix on the Ultra Box.

To allow customers to decide on their WiFi connection arrangement based on their preference upon being advised by the installer on-site.

User to manually connect their devices to different WiFi bands based on their usage and preference.

All streaming apps willbe made available on the Ultra Box first, followed by the Ulti Box. If youwould like to upgrade to the Ultra Box, please visit product.astro.com.my/tv or reach us via WhatsApp by typing “Hi” at 03-9543 3838 forassistance.

No there will not be any penalty.

For the Multiroom subscription on a box setup, if your subscription is within the 24-month contractual period. Then a pro-rated penalty of RM600 will be applied for any Astro box except for Ultra Box, which the penalty will be RM1,000.

You will need to bring along all devices to your new place as no new devices will be issued.

Relocation will be subjected to new 24 months recontract and standard relocation fee applies for both Maxis and Allo respectively.

 

If the bill has been paid, there will not be any additional service tax charge. However, if the bill has been issued by Astro but has not been paid, then the 8% Service Tax will be reflected in the next bill with adjustments on the new tax rate for services rendered from 1st March onwards.

Example:
Bills issued on 15th February will be charged the 6% SST. Customers will see proration for 8% from 1st – 14th March in the next bill issued on 15th March 2024. If you have fully paid your February bill before 1st March, the Service Tax will remains at 6%. You will be able to see the adjustment reflected in your next bill.  
 

There will be no installation fee for both Astro Box and Ultra Box. The Multiroom (second decoder) must be installed at the same registered address as your primary subscription.

No. Starting 1 April 2024, for new customers and current customers looking to switch their Asian Favourites, our Asian Favourites options will be:

• Viu Premium
• Indonesian Favourites
• Indian Favourites

TVB content will continue to be available via TVB Jade (CH310) and Astro AOD (CH311) as well as On Demand. If you would like to subscribe to the TVBAnywhere+ app, you may still do so by purchasing it directly from TVB.
 

Once you have received the eKYC link, you need to complete the verification within 3 days.

Yes, existing Astro customers can subscribe to all Astro Fibre offerings. You also have the option to subscribe to Astro Fibre as a standalone, which comes without any TV packages.

The 24-month contract will be renewed upon signing up for the new packs.

If you're trying to visit a website and it won't load, but others do, there could be a variety of causes. If the site itself is down, there's not much you can do but wait.

If you can load the  site on other computers or devices (make sure you try different means of connecting to the internet), there may be an issue with your computer or network.

There are some quick fixes that will solve most problems, but you may have to get your hands a little dirty.

1. Try loading the site on a different device.

Try loading the website on your phone or on another computer. If the website loads on the other device, the problem lies with your computer.

If the website doesn't load on another  device, the problem is either with the network or the website itself.
 

2. Restart your computer.

Oftentimes, a simple reboot will fix the problem you're having. Reboot your computer and test the website again.
 

3. Try loading the site in a different browser.
 

There may be some settings configured incorrectly on your browser. Try a different web browser to see if you can  load the website.
 

4. Temporarily disable your antivirus program.

Your antivirus software may be interfering with your ability to load certain websites.

Try disabling the software and then loading the site again. Make sure you enable it again once you have identified the problem.
 

5. Reset your modem and router.

Traffic to or from a certain website may be getting tripped up by your  modem or router. Resetting these devices may allow you to access the website again.
 

6. Check your computer's date and time settings.

If your date or time is set incorrectly, you may not be able to  connect to secure (https://) websites.

Check your computer or mobile device's clock to make sure that it is  set to the correct time and date.
 

7. In the event the problem persists, please provide below details for further escalation:

   i. List of websites effected.

   ii. Run the Speed Test via LAN (cable) and Wi-Fi connection - Please click here for Speed Test guideline.

   iii. Run the Traceroute Test - Please click here for Traceroute Test guideline.

   iv. Run the Ping Test -  Please click here for Ping Test guideline.

Once you've  gathered all the results, kindly send them all through the Feedback Form below.

Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access  parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our  server.

• Bundle Packs with Chinese Favourites: If you are currently on the Chinese Favourites selection, your selection will switch to Viu Premium at no additional cost progressively from 1 April 2024. Not to worry, you may still manually switch to other Asian Favourite selections if you wish via the My Astro app.

• Chinese Favourites Add-ons: There will not be any changes to your current subscription pricing. Furthermore, your subscription will now include additional channels on a free preview basis.

• Old Packs: There will not be any changes to your current subscription pricing. However, as we have recently made adjustments to the channel lineup in our packs, please call us at 03-7481 1000 (Monday to Friday, 9AM – 6PM exclude public holidays) to find out how you get more value from your subscription.

No, there are no penalty fees for the Mesh WiFi devices should you wish to terminate Astro Fibre within/after 24 months. 

All Astro customers and non-customers who have an Astro ID will no longer be able to log in to our digital platforms using their usernames. Users will experience this change if they currently do not use an email address or mobile number to login, for example: johndoe2023.

Upon submitting your application, you will receive the eKYC link via SMS/email/astro.com.my to complete the eKYC verification within 3 days.

The WiFi SSID and password of the Mesh unit will be automatically synchronized to the WiFi router. Hence, there is no need to configure the WiFi parameters.

*WiFi SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name of your wireless network, also known as Network ID. It is viewable to anyone with a wireless device within reachable distance of your network.

Please close and re-launc hthe Astro Fibre app, and you will be able to log in.

To subscribe, WhatsApp "Smart TV' or call 03-9543 3838.

Astro customers on the previous packages (e.g. Family Pack, Starter Pack, Value Pack, Super Pack Lite, Super Pack or Super Pack Plus) will first have to sign up to our new packages on astro.com.my before they are able to sign up for Multiroom (Smart TV).

You can subscribe to Multiroom (Smart TV) here or via any of our sales channels.

If you have more than one card registered for OTP payments, you will be asked to select the specific card to be used for that specific transaction.

Please visit http://help.netflix.com to call or start a live chat with Netflix's customer support agents. You will be assisted to unlink your Netflix account from your Astro subscription. After the process, you may link another Netflix account to your Astro subscription.

• With numerous OTT entrants, consumers are suffering from subscription fatigue. In fact, they are looking for a one stop shop platform where OTT services are integrated in one place.

• Astro offers flexibility and convenience with new packs where customers can get the convenience of accessing a variety of content via Ultra Box as the single remote-control solution.  

• In addition, there will be cost savings for Astro customers to purchase both Netflix and Astro together. Even better deals available if customers also subscribe to broadband for a better-connected experience.

Astro sends regular payment reminders to customers via SMS until their current charges have been paid. However, we encourage customers to pay their bill as soon as possible to avoid disconnection of Astro service. Please reach out to us here if you require more information about payment reminders or to change your contact details.

1. Power reset (on & off) your TV, Astro Decoder, Modem and Router.

2. Ensure standard physical connection (No 3rd party devices connected to decoder and modem).

3. Please ensure at all-time your router is 0.5 meter away from your Astro Decoder to avoid signal interferences.

4. Please standby computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN (cable) [connect the LAN (cable) at any LAN port at router and direct to computer/laptop].

5. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.

6. On the address bar, please go to http://www.speedtest.net/ and below page will appear.

7. Click "Change Server" to edit the settings preferred by Internet Service Provider (ISP).

8. Edit the server settings by search and select the required server required by ISP.

    For Maxis provider - Select Subang Jaya - Maxis server.

    For TIME provider -  Select Shah Alam - TIME dotcom Bhd server.      

    For Allo provider -  Select Cyberjaya - Global Forway Sdn Bhd server.

9.Click "GO", and the test will  begin.

The test is completed once both download and upload speeds are displayed.

Sample of the Speedtest result is shown below.

**Please  ensure the snapshot includes a time stamp and network used either LAN cable  or wireless (as per picture above)

10. Kindly screenshot or take a picture of the result, name it as "LAN Speedtest".

11. Repeat the test once again using Wi-Fi connection (Please unplug your LAN cable and connect via wireless connection using your SSID).

12. Screenshot or take a picture of the  result, name it as "WiFi Speedtest".

Please ensure that you have subscribed to the mentioned channel.
If you're subscribed to this channel, follow below steps.

STEP 1
You need to refresh the signal on your box.
Refer to Refresh signal of your box guide.

STEP 2
If issue persist after 30 minutes, proceed to submit report via WhatsApp or Feedback Form.

Option 1

1. Please turn off  all devices (Modem and Router). By restarting your modem, you can isolate the  possibility of overloaded processes in the modem, which would impact its  performance.
2. Ensure both cables on Modem (LAN Port  1) and Router (Internet Port) are properly connected.
    

Modem connection

Router connection

3. Please make sure the LAN cable is connected properly from router (Port 1-4 - LAN port) to PC/ Laptop.

4. If you have change the password in Selfcare Time portal recently,  please change the router configuration follows the new password made in Selfcare, but if you didn't make any changes, please go to Step 5.

5. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form and attach your modem light indicator picture/video for further assistance.

 

Option 2/ Option 3

1. Please turn off all devices (Modem and  Router). By restarting your modem, you can isolate the possibility of overloaded processes in the modem, which would impact its performance.
2. Gently remove fiber optic cable and blow / wipe the tip of the fiber cable. This is to clean up the cable in order to avoid any interferences.
3. Re-insert the fiber cable to the optical port behind the modem.
4. Ensure both cables on Modem (LAN Port 1) and Router (Internet Port) are properly connected.

 

Modem Connection

Router Connection

5. Make Sure both cables on Modem (LAN Port 4/ LAN Port 3 for second decoder) and Astro Decoder (Network Port) are properly inserted.

6. Switch on modem and router and please wait for 2 minutes to stabilise the devices after reboot.

5. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form and attach your modem light indicator picture/video for further assistance.
 

Option 4

1. Ensure Modem/Router are connected tightly to the power socket.

2. Try to use another power socket / power source to eliminate faulty power sockets/power sources which  could cause the issue.

3. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form for further assistance.


Option 5

1. Please ensure LAN cable is directly connected to modem port LAN 1.

2. Please use different LAN port if LAN 1 port is still off / not working.

3. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form for further assistance.

STEP 1  

On your remote, press the HOME button.

STEP 2

Navigate to SETTINGS icon and press "OK".

‍

STEP 3  

Navigate to Manage Satellite Frequency and press “OK”.

STEP 4

Choose Test Satellite Frequency and press “OK”.

STEP 5  

Choose "Confirm" to continue Test Satellite Frequency and press “OK”.

‍

STEP 6  

Satellite Frequency Test progress screen will be displayed.

‍

STEP 7  

The test result will be displayed once completed.

To be eligible, you'll need to be an Active Astro Pay TV customer with a valid Astro ID.

An Active Astro customer refers to a subscriber of the Astro Service, whose account is current and active with no outstanding payments due and who has not breached the Astro subscription agreement nor given any instructions to terminate and/or suspend his/her subscription to the Astro Service.

Each account you hold is entitled to one (1) tier status based on the longest active smartcard.

Unfortunately, you cannot link your direct Disney+ Hotstar subscription to your Astro account. Please ensure that the mobile number used for your direct subscription to Disney+ Hotstar is different from the mobile number used to activate Disney+ Hotstar entitlement via your Astro subscription. If you do not have an alternative mobile number to nominate, kindly contact Disney+ Hotstar's customer service directly at disneyplus.my@hotstar.com for details on how to cancel your direct subscription. 

We would need you to  run few tests in order for us to understand your issue and to assist you in fixing the problem.

You may proceed with the troubleshooting steps below which should not require any longer than 15 minutes.

1. Please run each of the tests according to your your Laptop/PC Software.
2. Compile the pictures / screenshots of your test results in one file (i.e Microsof Word document, PDF file) and attach them in the Support Ticket below in order for us to assist you further:
   • List of websites effected.
   • Run the Speed Test via LAN (cable) and Wi-Fi connection - Please click here for Speed Test guideline.
   • Run the Traceroute Test - Please click here for Traceroute Test guideline.          
   • Run the Ping Test - Please click here for Ping Test guideline.
3. Once you've gathered all the results, kindly send them all through the Feedback Form below.

Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access parameters, such as connection data rate.

A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.

A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our server.

The supported app platforms are iOS (requires iOS 13.0 or later), and Android (requires Android 8.1 or later), and all Harmony OS.

The supported web browser are Google Chrome, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Opera and other web browser.