
Astro 提供的免费卫星电视服务。终身收看娱乐,新闻,学习和资讯节目等。
图片仅供参考。
免费观看15多个电视频道和10+个广播频道。
* 需遵守Astro条款和条件。
步骤一 |
步骤二 |
步骤三 |
选择配套然后提交您的申请。 |
等待安装。 |
享受您的新 Astro / 宽频! |

Astro 提供的免费卫星电视服务。终身收看娱乐,新闻,学习和资讯节目等。
图片仅供参考。
新的解码器,不包含卫星天线和电缆。您必须已安装 Astro/Njoi 卫星天线和电缆并正常运作。
包括安装。
新的解码器配有卫星天线和电缆。
包括安装。
签购
| Njoi Astro UniFi Maxis |
在这里找到您要的答案。
我们提供一站式服务为您申请Astro和Broadband。不必开车,排队和在销售柜台等候。 我们可以帮助您处理您的申请。
我们不收取额外费用。 无需提供信用卡信息。 费用与您在销售柜台申请的费用相同。
首先,您可以在线申请,我们将在工作时间内立即与您联系。 通过WhatsApp/电子邮件/传真发送您的身份证-IC(马来西亚公民)/ 护照(外国人)的复印件给我们。 收到所有资料后,我们将立即处理您的申请。
一旦收到您的完整资料,我们将在工作时间内立即处理您的申请。一旦您的申请获得批准,服务提供商的承包商将与您联系以进行安装预约。
ASTRO 和宽频收费同时在一张账单,享受更大的节省和无忧的账单支付。 在24个月的合约期内,您可以每月以折扣价享受 Astro 和宽频。
Astro 提供多种电视配套,包括娱乐、体育、电影和儿童配套。您可以选择符合您观看需求的配套,并在适用情况下添加额外的串流应用服务。
可以,您可以只订阅 Astro 电视配套而无需绑定宽频。不过,将 Astro 电视与光纤宽频绑定可享有更好的每月优惠,并且只需支付一张综合账单,更加方便。
对于小型家庭以及轻度上网和串流使用者,100Mbps 通常已足够。较大家庭、游戏玩家或重度串流用户则可选择 500Mbps 或 1Gbps 配套,以获得更流畅的多设备使用体验。
大多数 Astro 电视和光纤宽频配套都附带 24 个月合约期。如在合约期满前取消服务,可能会产生提前终止费用。
可以,您可在符合资格及覆盖范围的情况下随时升级电视配套或宽频速度。根据升级情况,可能需要重新计算合约期限。
您的每月账单将由 Astro 直接发出。您可通过电子邮件接收账单,或通过 Astro 账户在线查看。绑定配套用户将收到电视与宽频服务的综合账单。
付款方式包括网上银行、自动扣款、信用卡或 Astro 提供的其他认可付款渠道。我们的团队将在申请过程中为您提供协助。
如果您遇到任何服务中断问题,可联系 Astro 客户服务寻求技术协助。大多数情况下可远程解决,如有需要将安排技术人员上门处理。
可以,迁移服务需视新地址是否在服务覆盖范围内而定。根据您的配套,可能会产生迁移费用及合约调整。
不需要,提交申请时无需提供信用卡资料。服务获批后,付款安排将由 Astro 直接处理。
部分 Astro 电视配套可根据当前促销及服务情况添加串流服务等附加项目。可能需支付额外月费。
是的,光纤安装时通常会提供 WiFi 路由器。路由器型号可能会根据所选宽频速度配套而有所不同。
可以,我们会在处理您的申请前确认您地址的服务覆盖范围,以确保该地区可安装宽频服务。
马来西亚公民需提供 MyKad 复印件。外籍人士则需在提交宽频申请时提供护照复印件。
申请获批后,服务提供商通常会在 2 至 7 个工作日内联系您安排宽频安装预约。
大多数 Astro 宽频配套附带 24 个月合约期,从安装日期开始计算。如您搬迁,可能需要在新地址重新签订 24 个月合约。
可以,您可在新地址具备服务覆盖的情况下迁移宽频服务。合约期限可能会从新安装日期起重新计算 24 个月。
可以,您可申请在家中调整宽频设备位置。若属于非标准安装,可能会产生额外费用,并需在评估后直接支付给安装人员。
可以,您可转用 Astro 宽频。为避免服务中断,建议在终止现有宽频合约前先开通新的宽频服务。
标准安装在促销期间可能免费,但非标准安装(如设备迁移或复杂布线)可能会产生额外费用,并需直接支付给安装人员。
You should have received an email or SMS with your activation details, please click on the link provided to be redirected to the Netflix website to activate your account.
Alternatively, you can also activate Netflix on your Ultra/Ulti Box. Please surf to CH 741 on your Ultra/Ulti Box (or click the Netflix button on your Astro remote) and follow the instructions on the screen.
My Astro is an easy-to-use, free mobile phone app and responsive web portal that helps Astro customers to manage their Astro accounts. My Astro allows customers to manage their accounts, pay bills, and get any support they need. In addition, customers can find and purchase the latest shows to be viewed on their Astro Box or on Astro GO. Customers can also receive news about Astro's latest products and content offerings.
Although it is possible to pair the second mesh node unit with the first mesh, customers are advised to follow similar steps in setting up the Mesh Network by pairing the mesh unit with the WiFi router instead.
Yes, you may cancel your Astro Fibre order before service activation, however, kindly note that there is a cancellation charge of RM212 (inclusive of SST) for any service cancellation done 48 hrs before scheduled appointment.
The Multiroom (Smart TV) will mirror the subscription entitlement as per your primary subscription. However, NHK World, Radio, Sky News channels and 3rd party apps such as Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar are not available via the Multiroom (Smart TV).
The new packs will be available for existing and new Astro customers starting 9 November 2021.
You will need to have an Astro subscription before you can subscribe to Disney+ Hotstar as an add-on service via Astro or enjoy any Astro bundle promotions. Please click here to subscribe to our Movies, Premium 1, Premium 3 or Platinum Pack to enjoy all your favourite Global and Malaysian hits for even better value and savings!
You are entitled for free mesh WiFi devices when you sign up for Astro & Broadband with Maxis fibre 500Mbps or 800Mbps speed only.
Mesh WiFi is not available with Astro & Broadband with Allo. However, you may purchase the Mesh WiFi devices separately to pair along with you Allo broadband.
Yes, you may cancel your Astro Fibre order before service activation, however, kindly note that there is a cancellation charge of RM212 (inclusive of SST) for any service cancellation done 48 hrs before scheduled appointment.

1. Please use a LAN ethernet cable and connect your computer/ laptop to the back of the Maxis Router.
2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
3. On the address bar, please go to http://192.168.1.254 and the page below will appear.

The default login of the router as below. If you have done a configuration on your router and changed your password previously, please use the password you have previously set.
Username: administrator
Password: Router S/N (Available on the sticker at the back of the router)
4. Once you have successfully login, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. From the left menu, select WIRELESS to access the screen below.

6. You may change the Channel selection by scrolling down to the Advanced Setup.

7. To change the channel on 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, click the drop-down arrow for Channel, then select your desired channel.
Then, click "Apply" for the changes to take place.


8. A warning box will popup, click "OK" for the changes to take place.

9. Please wait until the connection reestablish.

We noticed that you've recently requested for a change in your Astro account.
As this change will affect your overall monthly subscription, the expiry date for your Disney+ Hotstar (3-months Pass) subscription has been deferred to xxx (date) to consolidate the final monthly subscription pricing.
After order submission, the Plug & Play Box and Astro SIM card will be couriered separately to your service address. The delivery dates with the tracking numbers will be communicated via SMS.
The Plug & Play Box and Astro SIM card should arrive within 3-working days after your order submission. You may self-install your box by following the guide here.
Customers on the Multiroom (Smart TV) app can stream these two channels (CH549 Love Nature & CH805 Astro SuperSport) if their TV model supports 4K UHD resolution.
Kindly note that these Sony TV models do not support 4K UHD resolution:
• Sony BRAVIA 4K GB
• Sony BRAVIA 4K UR
• Sony BRAVIA VH
*CH805 Astro SuperSport is only available to customers on the Sports, Sports Plus, Premium 1, Premium 2, Premium 4, Platinum Lite and Platinum Packs.
Photograph or scan your payment receipt, and send it to one of our contact platforms found here.
Not to worry, our representative will be contacting you within 24 hours.
Tap on the "Account' screen on the navigation bar to view your outstanding balance. Click on "Pay Now' to pay your bill. If your payment is successful, you will receive a record and your payment history will be updated.


STEP 1
Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2
Locate the SIM card at the left side and gently pull it out.

STEP 3
Wipe the SIM card's gold chip clean using a dry soft cloth.

STEP 4
Make sure the gold chip is facing down and reinsert it all the way in.

STEP 5
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.
Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 6
Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.

If issue persist, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with the error details and provide sim card number for assistance.
Tap on the "Content' tab on the navigation bar. Select "Channels' and the channel of interest and you may view the scheduled programmes of the day. To switch between days, choose a channel and tap on a particular day (E.g. Mon, Tues, Wed). You may also view the showtimes of the day and up to the next six days.

1. Please ensure your modem and router power plugs are securely connected to the power socket.

2. Alternatively, try to connect the power plug to a different power socket or power source. This step is to eliminate the possibility of faulty power socket which could cause the issue.

3. If issue persists, submit your Feedback Form for further assistance.
The "coming soon" label on some streamingapps on your TV and the "Apps" page of Astro's website allows our customers tostay on top of new launches as they happen! Stay tuned for these upcomingstreaming apps so you can access even more content that you love from acrossthe world.
Customers with a Netflix Premium account are allowed to watch on up to 4 supported devices in 4K UHD and Netflix Spatial Audio. In addition, Netflix Premium subscribers are also allowed to download shows to watch offline on 6 devices at a time.
Here's what you can do with your unused satellite TV devices:
If you have an Ultra or Ulti Box, you may:
1. Return your device to us via Arranged Pick-up:
Step 1: Please call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 to schedule an arranged pick-up by one of our Astro agents.
Step 2: Just sit back and relax! Our courier partner, Citylink will come to your doorstep, dismantle the satellite dish for you and retrieve the devices.
2. Return your device to us via Dropoff:
Step 1: Please gather your device(s) and click here to find a Customer Service Centre (CSC) or Astro Authorised Retailer (AAR) near you.
Step 2: Don't worry, it's free! Simply walk in during opening hours and hand over the device(s) to one of our Astro agents.
Note: An installer's visit is required to dismantle your satellite dish. However, if you have a Box or other satellite TV devices at home that do not require dismantling, you may walk into any of our authorised dealers and hand them over to the agent.
If your Satellite TV device is NOT an Ultra or Ulti Box, you may:
1) Recycle your device:
For all Ultra or Ulti Boxes, please return them to Astro via drop-off at a CSC or AAR near you or schedule a pick-up appointment via 03-9543 3838.
For other older Boxes or Satellite TV devices, you are required to discard them only at registered collection centres for proper handling and management of e-waste in an environmentally sound manner. Click here to find a registered collection centre near you.
Note: Upon termination of your Astro service, all Ultra and Ulti Box customers are required to return their devices to Astro. Failure to do so within 14 days of termination may incur a fee of RM100 (not inclusive of Govt. Tax). For customers on all other boxes, please discard your box only at registered collection centres to ensure we all play our part in protecting the environment.
Arranged Pick-Ups
1) I missed the pickup appointment; what do I do now?
Our agent will make two attempts to retrieve the device(s) and dismantle your satellite dish within a period of 14 days, failing which the penalty of RM100 (not inclusive of Govt. tax) would be imposed.
2) Can I reschedule my pickup date?
Yes! Please call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 to reschedule your pickup date.
3) My old devices do not require dismantling; do I have to pack them before handing them over to the delivery agent?
Please pack your device(s) in their original box/packaging if possible. If this option is not available to you, just hand the device(s) over to the delivery agent without any packaging. You will not be charged any fees if the original packaging has been damaged/lost.
4) Do I have to print anything or fill in any forms before handing my device(s) over to the Astro agent?
No, you do not have to prepare any documents before handing your device(s) over to the Astro agent. All you have to do is get your device(s)ready before the Astro agent arrives to ensure a smooth handover process.
5) I have an old/unused satellite dish at my home and I am not an Astro customer; can I still schedule an installer visit to dismantle and return it?
Yes! Not to worry, you can still schedule an installer visit to dismantle the satellite dish from your home.
Drop-offs
1) Do I have to pack my device(s) before handing it over to the Astro agent?
Please pack your device(s) in their original box/packaging if possible. If this option is not available to you, just hand the device(s) over to the Astro agent without any packaging. You will not be charged any fees if the original packaging has been damaged/lost.
2) There are no Customer Service Centre (CSCs) or Astro Authorised Retailers (AARs) near me; what do I do now?
Please opt for courier pick-up if there are no CSCs or AARs near you. Call 03-9543 3838 now to schedule a pick-up appointment by one of our courier partners if you are holding an Ultra or Ulti Box For non-Ultra or Ulti boxes, you may recycle your box at a registered collection center. Click here to find a registered collection center near you.
3) Do I have to print anything or fill in any forms before handing my device(s) over to the Astro agent?
No, you do not have to prepare any documents before handing your device(s) over to the Astro agent. All you have to do is hand the device(s)over to the agent and you're done! You will also receive an acknowledgment slip after successful handover.
4) I found my Box and Smart card, however, the cable(s) that came with it is lost; will there be any penalty fees?
No, please return your old Plug & Play Boxes and Smartcard. There will be no penalty fees if the cable is damaged or lost.
Recycle via Registered Collection Centres
For all recycling-related questions, please click here.
Not to worry, we are only a phone call or a message away! Call or WhatsApp our Customer Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 and an Astro agent will be available to assist you immediately.
Liga Malaysia is available for all customers with a HD enabled box including Zapper, DMT5, Ulti Box and Ultra Box.
Starting 9 June 2023, Viu Premium will be added as an option as part of our Asian Favourites along side Chinese, Indian and Indonesian Favourites. Astro customers on the Entertainment, EntertainmentPlus, Premium 2, Premium 3 and Platinum Packs will be able to choose Viu Premium as their Asian Favourites selection and stream the app for FREE. While customers on other TV Packs may purchase Viu Premium as an add-on to their subscription for as low as RM8.40/month (RRP: RM17.90). After successfully adding Viu Premium to your subscription, all Ultra and Ulti Box customers can access the app on their Astro Box, www.viu.com and the Viu mobile app to enjoy all the best KDramas, popular local hits, popular Thai and Indonesian shows and so much more! For further information and updates on Viu,
please visit: www.astro.com.my/Viu .
STEP 1
On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2
Navigate to Settings.

STEP 3
Navigate to Standby Mode and press "OK".

STEP 4
Navigate to your preferred selection and press "OK".

STEP 5
Navigate to Save and press "OK" to confirm your selection.

Yes, customer may choose to have different billing method for each different account.
Physical bill charging will only apply to the account that has opted for paper bills.
Service Tax will not be imposed on any CSR projects accounts. Any tax payable will be borne by Astro.


Login using your username and password if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router login is as per below.
Username: user
Password: user
4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click WLAN to configure the WiFi parameters.

6. To change the channel on 2.4G, click the drop-down arrow for Channel, then select your desired channel.

7. Then, click "Save & Apply" for the changes to take place.

8. You may make the same changes for 5G by click the drop-down arrow for Channel, then select your desired channel.

9. Then, click "Save & Apply" for the changes to take place.

STEP 1
Switch off the power of your box and make sure that the adapter’s power light is off.
STEP 2
Unplug the HDMI cable from your TV and plug it back in securely to other available HDMI port.
STEP 3
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter’s power light is on.
Please wait for 5 minutes.
STEP 4
Turn on your box. Do select the correct TV input.
You should no longer be experiencing this problem.

Netflix is available to IPTV customers on the Ultra Box and Ulti Box. Non-Ultra Box customers will not be able to access Netflix on CH741. Please upgrade to the Ultra Box/Ulti Box to access Netflix on the Ultra Box.
STEP 1
Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2
Locate the Smartcard at the front or right side and gently pull it out make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 3
Wipe the Smartcard's gold chip clean using a dry soft cloth.

STEP 4
Make sure the gold chip is facing upwards and reinsert it all the way in.

STEP 5
Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on. Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 6
Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.
If issue persist, please submit the issue in our Feedback Form and attach a picture of your General tab of the STB Diagnostics for assistance.

Please note that your request to opt out has been processed, and payment for Disney+ Hotstar is not required. Your bill adjustment will be reflected in your next bill.
We would need you to run few tests in order for us to understand your issue and to assist you in fixing the problem.
This will not take longer than 15 minutes.


We need you to run the Speed Test using both WiFi connection and LAN cable.

4. Once you've gathered all the results, attach in Feedback Form for further assistance.
Quick Info
For more information about the Astro Fibre App, you may click here for a detailed user guide.
Please contact your issuing bank to enable card-not-present (CNP) transactions. This security measure helps us to protect your card information from being misused in fraudulent transactions.
Kindly note that affected customers will be adequately informed 30 days prior to the implementation via SMS which are sent out in phases (Starting 1 July), with scheduled announcements across WhatsApp, My Astro app, and Astro website.

You may proceed with the following troubleshooting steps and it shouldn’t take you much longer than 15 minutes.
1. Please standby a computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN cable (connect the LAN cable to the Black port at D-Link Router and direct to the computer/laptop).
2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, please go to http://dlinkrouter.local./ and below page will appear. (These are the defaults and if you have done a configuration on your router previously, the password may be different).
Username: admin
Password: (Leave the field blank)

4. Once you have successfully login, the router's web-based setup page will appear. Please follow below steps for the configuration.

5. From the top menu, click Settings and then choose Wireless.

6. Below screen will appear to configure the wireless setting. Since this is a dual band router, you will have 2 Wi-Fi Names (SSID) i.e. 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
You may connect to any of the SSID, preferably with a stronger signal available.

7. You may change the Wi-Fi Name (SSID) and the Password to follow your preferences, and then click "Save" for the changes to take place.
Please reconnect to the new wireless name with the new password once completed.
Check out our user guide for a quick and easy way to get started!
Download our user guide in English
Download our user guide in Malay
Download our user guide in Chinese
Do you need more information? Watch our Astro Ultra How to videos here.
Should there be any changes in plans we will keep our customers informed on any new development.
Do ensure that you are logging in with the correct Astro ID and password. If you are still unable to remember your password, please proceed to use the “forgot password” function to reset your password.
If the issue persists, you may submit an enquiry through our feedback form here. Choose feedback type as “Technical issues” and the issue as “I have an enquiry/issue with Apps.” Then, select the app you’re having trouble logging into, and submit the form. We will get in touch with you within 48 hours.
Kindly note that you will need to link yourAstro ID with an active Astro subscription to use Astro GO, My Astro, and other partner apps that is included in your subscription. You may refer to the steps here on how to do this.
1. Power reset (on & off) your TV, Astro Decoder, Modem and Router.
2. Ensure standard physical connection (No 3rd party devices connected to decoder and modem).
3. Please ensure at all-time your router is 0.5 meter away from your Astro Decoder to avoid signal interferences.
4. Please standby computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN (cable) [connect the LAN (cable) at any LAN port at router and direct to computer/laptop].
5. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
6. On the address bar, please go to http://www.speedtest.net/ and below page will appear.

7. Click "Change Server" to edit the settings preferred by Internet Service Provider (ISP).

8. Edit the server settings by search and select the required server required by ISP.
For Maxis provider - Select Subang Jaya - Maxis server.
For TIME provider - Select Shah Alam - TIME dotcom Bhd server.
For Allo provider - Select Cyberjaya - Global Forway Sdn Bhd server.

9.Click "GO", and the test will begin.

The test is completed once both download and upload speeds are displayed.
Sample of the Speedtest result is shown below.

**Please ensure the snapshot includes a time stamp and network used either LAN cable or wireless (as per picture above)
10. Kindly screenshot or take a picture of the result, name it as "LAN Speedtest".
11. Repeat the test once again using Wi-Fi connection (Please unplug your LAN cable and connect via wireless connection using your SSID).
12. Screenshot or take a picture of the result, name it as "WiFi Speedtest".
Astro introduces the new Ulti Box with a redesigned new interface, Cloud recording feature, enhanced search capabilities and more. Just connect the all new Ulti Box to the Internet and take control of your entertainment and stream up to 110,000 videos on demand, anytime.
The features of the new Ulti Box include:
· New Home Screen - Everything you see is yours
· Discover Video on Demand (VOD) - Discover 110,000 videos, stream anytime, anywhere
· Search - Search for your favorite show or video faster and easier
· Play from Start - Missed the start of the show? Just restart.
· Stop Here, Continue There -Stop on one screen and continue on another device
· Multi-Screen - Stream seamlessly across any device
· Cloud Recording - Record all the programmers you want at the same time
. **Continuous viewing - Enable to continue watching your favorite shows during raining.
We recommend an Internet speed of 10Mbps and above for optimal access to cloud recording, streaming on demand videos and search functions.
Note: ** Except 4K UHD, Astro First and all radio channels
Astro wants to give our members the convenience of having all their favourite series, exciting originals, vernacular signatures, live sports and local blockbuster movies in one place. Astro customers will be able to enjoy greater convenience by having Netflix bundled with their Astro subscription, consolidating the subscriptions, and providing easy access for payment in a single bill, at the best value.
If you are interested to upgrade your box, you can do so via Astro's retailers or online as follows:
I. Visit https://hub.astro.com.my/#5
II. Select `Box Upgrade` and log in with your Astro ID
III. Select the box you would like to upgrade
You will be charged 8% Service Tax on Astro Pay TV services rendered on or after 1st March 2024, whereas your Astro Fibre including Mesh will remain at 6% Service Tax.
By default, all Astro Fibre customers will receive a Private IPv4 or IPv6 address. However, customers who would like to subscribe to a fixed IP service can do so by contacting our Customer Service Centre at 03-9543 3838 for Astro Fibre’s Fixed IP service for only RM5/month.


You may proceed with below troubleshooting and it shouldn't take you any longer than 15 minutes.
1. Please standby computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN (cable) [Connect the LAN (cable) to the blue port at Cisco Router and direct to computer/laptop].
2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, please go to http://192.168.1.1 and below page will appear.

4. Type the Username and Password as below. Then click OK. (These are the defaults, if you have done previous configuration on your router the password may be different).
Username: admin
Password: admin (or time123)

5. The router's web-based setup page should now appear. Please follow below steps for the configuration.

i. On the setup page, click the Wireless tab then click on the Basic Wireless Settings sub-tab.

ii. On the Configuration View section, click the Manual radio button. Choosing the Manual setup will allow you to adjust your wireless channel according to your preference.

iii. Leave the Channel Width set to 20MHz Only.

iv. Click the drop-down arrow for Channel, then select your desired channel.
Choose between 1 until 11 (Suggested 1,6,11).

v. Click Save Settings to apply your changes. Router will auto reboot and connection re-establish after few minutes.
Tune to channel 200 - select on "My Account".Your Total amount due will be stated under the "Bill Summary" section.

**Please note that this feature requires your box to be connected to your home Wi-Fi. Alternatively you can perform the SMS steps displayed on the screen to check your bill amount.
Your monthly bill of the previous and new pack will be prorated. This will be reflected into your bill accordingly.
1. Ensure power cable is connected tightly.
2. Try to use another power socket / power source to eliminate faulty power sockets/power sources which could cause the issue.

3. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form for further assistance.