
A free satellite TV service from Astro. Watch lifetime entertainment, news, learning & information and more.
Pictures for illustration only.
Enjoy free access to 15+ TV channels & 10+ radio channels.
* Subject to Astro terms & conditions.
Step-1 |
Step-2 |
Step-3 |
Choose a plan & sign-up online. |
Sit back & wait for installation. |
Enjoy your new Astro / Broadband! |
Explore our TV Pack which includes a variety of entertainment channels.
The must-watch local and international content made for everyone in the family.
The best local & international cartoons & educational entertainment.
Global movies and series packed with action, drama and big thrills.
Latest breaking news & current affairs whilst you discover secrets of the world.
Witness every major league & live sports events, plus family entertainment.
The ultimate all-in-one entertainment with movies, sports & a variety of streaming apps.
Good for working from home and streaming. Get connected at 100Mbps and enjoy uninterrupted streaming, gaming, and browsing.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
Ideal for small families for 4K streaming & gaming. Get connected at 500Mbps and enjoy fast and stable internet for all your needs.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
Perfect for medium-sized families for work and play. Get connected at 1Gbps and experience ultra-fast internet speeds.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-7 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
Ultimate high-speed internet for everyone and everything. Get connected at 2Gbps and enjoy lightning-fast internet speeds.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-7 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |

A free satellite TV service from Astro. Watch lifetime entertainment, news, learning & information and more.
Pictures for illustration only.
New decoder only without satellite dish & cabling. You must have Astro/Njoi satellite dish and cable installed and working properly.
Including installation.
New decoder complete with satellite dish & cabling.
Including installation.
Reliable broadband plans that enable next-level business growth.
Supports up to 2-3 users on 5 devices.
Supports up to 6 users on 10 devices.
Supports up to 10 heavy users on multiple devices.
Supports up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Ultimate support for up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Good for Working From Home and streaming.
100Mbps/50Mbps
Free Standard Router (RG5)
100Mbps/50Mbps
Free Standard Router (RG5)
Netflix Basic
Suitable for full HD streaming & browsing.
300Mbps/50Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
300Mbps/50Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Basic
Ideal for small families for 4K streaming & gaming.
500Mbps/100Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
500Mbps/100Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
Perfect for medium-sized families for work and play.
1Gbps/500Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
1Gbps/500Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
Ultimate high-speed internet for everyone and everything.
2Gbps/1Gbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
2Gbps/1Gbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
Reliable broadband plans that enable next-level business growth.
Supports up to 2-3 users on 5 devices.
Supports up to 2-3 users on 5 devices.
Fixed IP.
Supports up to 6 users on 10 devices.
Supports up to 6 users on 10 devices.
Fixed IP.
Supports up to 10 heavy users on multiple devices.
Supports up to 10 heavy users on multiple devices.
Fixed IP.
Supports up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Supports up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Fixed IP.
Good for Working From Home and streaming.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Suitable for full HD streaming & browsing.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Ideal for small families for 4K streaming & gaming.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Perfect for medium-sized families for work and play.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Ultimate high-speed internet for everyone and everything.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Applying for
| Astro Njoi UniFi Maxis |
Find your answers here.
We provide one stop service to apply Astro and Broadband for you.
You can avoid driving and queuing at the sales counter. We are the dealer that can help you to handle your application from the beginning to the end.
We do not charge you when you apply from us. There is no credit card information required to apply here. Charges are the same as you apply from the sales counter.
First, you can apply online, we will get back to you immediately during business hour. WhatsApp/Email/Fax us your Photocopy of IC (for malaysian) / Passport (for foreigners). When we receive all the information, we will proceed with your application immediately.
Once we receive your application with complete information, we will process your application immediately during business hour. The contractor from the service provider will then contact you for installation appointment once your application is approved.
Enjoy greater savings and hassle-free bill payment in one single bill for both Astro and Broadband. You get to enjoy Astro and Broadband at discounted price every month over the contract period of 24 months.
Astro offers multiple TV packs including Entertainment, Sports, Movies and Kids options. You can choose a pack that matches your viewing preferences and add optional streaming apps where available.
Yes, you may subscribe to Astro TV packs without bundling broadband. However, bundling Astro TV with Fibre Broadband may provide better monthly savings and convenience with a single bill.
For small households with light streaming and browsing, 100Mbps is usually sufficient. Larger families, gamers or heavy streamers may benefit from 500Mbps or 1Gbps plans for smoother performance across multiple devices.
Most Astro TV and Fibre broadband plans come with a 24-month contract. Early termination charges may apply if cancellation is made before the contract ends.
Yes, you may upgrade your TV pack or broadband speed at any time, subject to eligibility and coverage. A new contract period may apply depending on the upgrade.
Your monthly bill will be issued directly by Astro. You may receive it via email or access it through your Astro account. Bundled customers will receive a single combined bill for TV and broadband services.
Payment methods may include online banking, auto debit, credit card or other approved payment channels provided by Astro. Our team can guide you during the registration process.
If you experience any service interruption, you may contact Astro customer support for technical assistance. In many cases, issues can be resolved remotely or a technician will be arranged if necessary.
Yes, relocation is subject to service availability at your new address. Relocation charges and contract adjustments may apply depending on your plan.
No, you do not need a credit card to submit your application. Payment setup will be arranged directly with Astro after your service is approved.
Selected Astro TV packs allow optional add-ons such as streaming services depending on current promotions and availability. Additional monthly charges may apply.
Yes, a WiFi router is typically provided during fibre installation. The router model may vary depending on the selected broadband speed plan.
Yes, we will check the service coverage at your address before proceeding with your application to ensure broadband is available at your location.
For Malaysians, please provide a copy of your MyKad. For foreigners, provide a copy of your passport when submitting your broadband application.
After your application is approved, the service provider typically contacts you within 2 to 7 working days to arrange the broadband installation appointment.
Most Astro Broadband plans come with a 24-month contract starting from your installation date. If you relocate, a new 24-month contract may apply at your new address.
Yes, you can relocate your broadband service, subject to service availability at the new address. Your contract may reset for another 24 months from the new installation date.
Yes, you may request to relocate broadband devices within your home. Non-standard installation charges may apply and are payable to the installer directly after assessment.
Yes, you can switch to Astro Broadband. To avoid service interruption, it is recommended to activate the new service before terminating your current broadband contract.
Standard installations may be free during promotions, but non-standard installations (e.g., device relocation or complex wiring) may incur extra charges payable directly to the installer.
4K content is currently not supported on the Ultra/Ulti Box. However, you can still enjoy Prime Video in 4K on compatible smart devices.
Not to worry, you will only need to verify your Astro ID once. After that, you may log in to your account as usual.
Yes. You can make payment using your credit card via My Astro Portal:
- For One-time payment: All Master/Visa 3D secured debit/credit cards for one-time payment issued by banks in Malaysia
- For Auto-Debit: All Master/Visa/AMEX debit/credit cards issued by banks in Malaysia
If you subscribe to the same or higher Disney+ plan through Astro and activate it using the same login credentials (i.e. email address or mobile number and password) associated with your existing Disney+-billed subscription, your personalised viewing data (e.g. Watch History, Watchlist etc.) will be retained.
The Ultra Box or Ulti Box and the SIM Card are property of Astro, as per our General Terms and Conditions for Astro Services. Therefore, customers are accountable for returning the boxes upon the termination of their Astro subscription. Otherwise, an RM100 (exclusive of Sales and Service Tax) box fee will be charged to the customer's account.
There are 4 ways for you to contact us for assistance:
Yes! You can call our courier agent back/installer directly to reschedule the collection date and time.
If you require assistance with the app:
1. Submit an in-app feedback form via the ZEE5 website: https://www.zee5.com/contactUs/
If you have issues on billing and entitlement, you may contact Astro’s Customer Service by:
1. Submitting a feedback form here: www.astro.com.my/contactus/form; or
2. Reaching to us via WhatsApp by typing “Hi” at 03-95433838 for assistance
Yes. The TVBAnywhere+ app can be downloaded on compatible mobile device via the Apple App Store or Google Play Store. Once installed, customers can log in with their Astro ID to access the app.
Check out our user guide for a quick and easy way to get started!
Download our user guide in English
Download our user guide in Malay
Download our user guide in Chinese
Do you need more information? Watch our Astro Ultra How to videos here.
Please reach out to the Viu team if you have any enquiries or require assistance with
the app. Their customer support is available from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm, Monday to
Friday (excluding Public Holidays).
You may contact Viu’s customer support team by:
1. Emailing to: e[email protected]; or
2. Call or WhatsApp them at 018 - 9429950 ; or
3. Reaching out to them via Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ViuMalaysia/
If you would like to contact Astro, you may reach out to our Customer Service Centre by:
1. Submitting a feedback form here: www.astro.com.my/contactus/form; or
2. Reaching out to us via WhatsApp by typing “Hi” at 03-9543 3838 for assistance
No. An Astro-billed Disney+ subscription cannot be transferred to a Disney+-billed subscription.
If you choose to subscribe directly with Disney+, your subscription and billing will be managed by Disney+. We recommend reviewing your current Disney+ subscription arrangement before signing up to ensure it best meets your needs.
Please note that subscribing directly through Disney+ while maintaining an active Astro-billed Disney+ subscription may result in you having multiple Disney+ subscriptions and being charged separately for each subscription.
This exercise currently only affects person-to-person SMS with URL links. However, the blocking of SMS sent by businesses via short codes such as 6XXXX, 3XXXX, 2XXXX and 1XXXX will be implemented at a later phase. In response to this government initiative, Astro customers will no longer receive SMS bills effective 1 August 2023. This change will be carried out in phases.
Please switch your preferred Bill Delivery Method using our self-service portals via My Astro Web or My Astro app. Please click here to download the app on your mobile device or login to My Astro Web.
For customers with the Ultra or Ulti Box, please ensure to provide your latest contact details to our Astro agent during the call to terminate your account, this includes your mobile number and house address. If you still need further help, please contact us at 03-9543 3838.
While this technology has its benefits, different devices at home have different reaction and response to changes in signal strength and quality, and it's almost impossible to predict if they will make good band choices due to the interaction between the devices and the Wifi router. Some smart home devices also recommend that band steering is not used due to various reasons such as needing a constant consistent connection, ability to only connect to a particular band, registration of the respective MAC address, etc..
Example:
As single SSID is used, the device may remain on a weak 5GHz network instead of switching over to stronger 2.4GHz network.
If you experience constant loading or buffering while watching content on the Astro Smart TV app, please follow the steps below:
1. Update Your Smart TV Software
2. Restart Your Devices
3. Clear the Astro App Cache
4. Reinstall the Astro App
5. Still Experiencing Buffering Issues?
If you are still having issues, proceed to submit report via WhatsApp or Feedback Form and provide:
This will help our support team investigate and assist you further.
Astro introduces the new Ulti Box with a redesigned new interface, Cloud recording feature, enhanced search capabilities and more. Just connect the all new Ulti Box to the Internet and take control of your entertainment and stream up to 100,000 videos on demand, anytime.
The features of the new Ulti Box include:
· New Home Screen -Everything you see is yours
· Discover Video on Demand (VOD) - Discover 100,000 videos, stream anytime, anywhere
· Search - Search for your favorite show or video faster and easier
· Play from Start - Missed the start of the show? Just restart.
· Stop Here, Continue There -Stop on one screen and continue on another device
· Multi-Screen - Stream seamlessly across any device
· Cloud Recording - Record all the programmers you want at the same time
. **Continuous viewing - Enable to continue watching your favorite shows during raining.
We recommend an Internet speed of 10Mbps and above for optimal access to cloud recording, streaming on demand videos and search functions.
Note: ** Except 4K UHD, Astro First and all radio channels
Yes, your complimentary access to the Sun NXT Lite app will continue even after upgrading to the Astro One Epic Pack.
Astro X3 offers a curated selection of entertainment and sports content designed to provide a great streaming experience. The availability of certain channels and programmes is subject to content rights and licensing agreements. We are continuously exploring opportunities to expand and align our content offering, with the aim of bringing more channels and content to Astro X3 in the future.
As for radio channels, Astro X3 is designed primarily for digital-first streaming households, focusing on video entertainment content. As such, radio channels are not included within the Astro X3 experience. Customers can continue to enjoy their favourite radio stations through dedicated radio streaming apps, which can be downloaded directly from their device's app store.
Customers are only allowed to choose ONE billing option (either Paper Bill or E-bill or SMS bill). However, customers who opted for Paper Bill will still be able to check their bills through My Astro app and My Astro web.
You may contact Astro's Customer Service by:
STEP 1
Check the Audio settings on your box and set to Auto.
Refer guide to change Digital Audio Settings.
STEP 2
If issue persist, check if there is any 3rd party device (sound system/hdmi splitter) connected between box and TV.
STEP 3
If using 3rd party devices, bypass/remove 3rd party device and make sure HDMI cable connected directly from box to TV.
STEP 4
If issue persist, connect to Live Agent via WhatsApp for help.
Yes, your advance payment will be fully refunded if you cancel your subscription before the Astro box installation. Please WhatsApp "Hi" to us at 03-9543 3838. Then select Billing Services, provide your IC number if requested, and choose Refund Request.
The refund process will take approximately 14 days for processing with your issuing bank.
However, if you decide to cancel your subscription after the Astro box installation (during your contract period), a prorated early termination fee will apply.
Band Steering is a functionality that our WiFi router (Huawei K562E) has that intelligently connects devices to its WiFi to the best frequency bands available based on usage, speed and coverage by using only one same SSID for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz band.
To start using Astro Rewards as an Astro customer, you can do it through the My Astro app. Here's how:
1. Download the My Astro app
2. Login using your Astro ID
3. Go to Rewards
4. Browse through the rewards and click redeem. Follow the instructions on the screen on how to redeem the reward
🎁 Want to claim rewards exclusive for Astro customers?
📱 Download the My Astro app to:
- Claim free movie or concert tickets
- Meet your favourite celebrity
- Join giveaway contests
The minimum recommended internet speed is 10 Mbps for HD videos and 30 Mbps for 4K UHD videos.
You will be able to watch almost immediately while the content streams through your Astro Box. Buffer time for the video to load will depend on the speed of your broadband.
Upon submitting your application, you will receive the eKYC link via SMS/email/astro.com.my to complete the eKYC verification within 3 days.
Any Astro GO compatible device (mobile/tablet/PC) and Multiroom Smart TV* compatible TVs will benefit from Astro GO+.
No, please return your old Astro Fibre modem and its power supply unit (PSU). There will be no penalty fees if the cable is damaged or lost.
There will be no changes to your HBO Max app subscription. You can continue accessing the app as usual. However, due to Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD) and Astro's partnership model going forward, the HBO HD (CH 411), Cinemax HD (CH 412), HBO Family (CH 414) and HBO Hits (CH 415) channels will cease on Astro at 11:59 PM on 28 February 2026.
Astro subscribers will have the freedom to subscribe to Netflix via Astro, or they may also choose to continue subscribing via Netflix directly on their own.
You can be assured that your data are safe with us. Astro implemented sufficient security measures to protect customer data and fully comply to Personal Data Protection Act
For new Astro Fibre customers with the RG21 router, you will be guided to install the Astro Fibre App on your mobile device during the installation of the service. Alternatively, you may refer to the user guide here for self-installation.
Follow the steps below to access the TVBAnywhere+ app on your Ultra/Ulti box:
Slow browsing using LAN cable
Looks like there is something wrong with your service connection.
Please run the Speed Test and attach the picture or screenshot of the speed test in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.
Click here for Speed Test guideline.
Slow browsing using LAN cable
Looks like there is something wrong with your service connection.
Please run the Speed Test and attach the picture or screenshot of the speed test in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.
Click here for Speed Test guideline.
Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access parameters, such as connection data rate.
Slow browsing using Wi-Fi
1. Router Positioning
Most people underestimate the importance of picking a good spot for a Wi-Fi router. Even a small shift in positioning could end up being the difference between day and night.
i) High vs. Low
Put the router as high up as possible to extend the broadcasting range of the radio waves. This also helps clear the router of possible interferences.
ii) Concrete & Metals
Make sure your router isn't blocked by any other objects, especially devices that are electronic. Also, avoid placing your router in your basement as this area is usually enclosed by a lot of concrete, which can be almost impossible for Wi-Fi signals to penetrate.
iii) Distance to Router
The further away from your router you get, the weaker the Wi-Fi signal. Therefore, the best option is to place your router as close to your devices as possible, but this is only practical if you have one main area where you tend to use your devices.
Otherwise, you should place your router near the center of your home. After all, Wi-Fi broadcasts in 360 degrees, so it doesn't make sense to put it at one end of the house.
2. Wireless Interference & Noise
You've probably never noticed but there are wireless signals all around you wherever you go and they're passing through you all the time. From where? Electronic devices, Wi-Fi routers, satellites, cell towers, and more.
Although Wi-Fi is supposed to be on a different frequency than most of these devices, the amount of radio noise can still cause interference. Some common causes of interference include:
3. Surrounding Wi-Fi signals
A truth of the modern world is that every household has their own Wi-Fi network, which can cause issues with channel overlap. This can be somewhat problematic in a townhouse, but is especially problematic in housing complexes and apartments where there can be many routers within close proximity.
Which is why it's important that you pick a good channel in your router settings. Modern routers can choose channels for you automatically, but sometimes it's better to investigate and find the best channel yourself.
4. Usage
More likely, however, is that the people on your network such as friends, roommates, or family members are participating in bandwidth-heavy activities like gaming and streaming Ultra box/ Netflix.
Fortunately, if this is the case, you can prioritize your own network traffic by enabling Quality of Service in your router settings.
If the problem persists, please run a Ping Test, Traceroute Test and attach the picture or screenshot of both test results in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.
Please make sure to attach the required screenshot(s) in ONE file (i.e. Microsoft Word document, PDF, Image file) before submitting the form.
Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our server.
Starting 12 December 2023, Astro Smart TV app customers can enjoy two 4K Ultra HD (4K UHD) channels, namely CH549 Love Nature 4K and CH805 Astro Sports UHD.
“Love Nature 4K” is available to all customers regardless of their subscribed TV Pack. It celebrates the complexity of life on earth, presenting nature stories in stunning detail and colours.
Additionally, “Astro Sports UHD” is only available to customers with Sports entitlement in their subscribed TV Pack. This channel showcases a variety of sporting events, selected to appeal to the Malaysian viewing audience.
If you see the error message "There is No Internet Connection" while using the Astro app on your Smart TV, please follow these troubleshooting steps:
1. Check Your Internet Connection
2. Check the LAN Cable Connection (if using Ethernet)
3. Test the LAN Cable
4. Reconnect to Wi-Fi (if using Wi-Fi)
5. Check Other Devices
6. Restart Your Devices
If you are still having issues, proceed to submit report via WhatsApp or Feedback Form and provide:
This will help our support team investigate and assist you further.
We would highly recommend for you to pre-pack your Astro Box equipment before taking it to our courier partner branch. However, if you unable to pre-pack the Astro Box, you can bring the equipment to the nearest courier partner branch for assistance.
Any packages with Entertainment Plus, Movies Plus & Sports Plus will include Netflix. The default Netflix offering is Netflix Standard (2 screens and HD viewing) as part of your Entertainment Plus, Movies Plus and Sports Plus subscription. You can upgrade up to Netflix Premium (4 screens and 4K UHD viewing) at a price of RM 10 (inclusive of govt. tax).
Note: For the above subscriptions, you may use the email address used for your existing subscription with Netflix to activate and the future billing for Netflix will be transferred to your Astro bundle charges. For users that are billed for Netflix through Apple before joining the Astro bundle, remember to cancel your Apple billing arrangement after activating the Astro bundle else you may be double charged for your Netflix account.
If you do not have a bundle which includes Netflix, you may also add a new Netflix subscription to your Astro Bill for billing convenience.
You will be able to enjoy all the content on WeTV via your Ultra/Ulti Box,
wetv.vip
and the WeTV mobile app immediately upon successful purchase from the Astro website. Please ensure that the mobile number used to log in to the app is the same one used to purchase your WeTV VIP subscription.
A . Via www.astro.com.my/sunnxt
Sun NXT Lite Flow
Sun NXT Premium Flow
B. Via the My Astro App
C. Via the Ultra/Ulti Box
Sun NXT Lite Flow
Sun NXT Premium Flow
Yes, the Multiroom (Smart TV) will utilise one (1) of your Astro GO concurrency.
Customers subscribing to Multiroom (Smart TV) can enjoy access up to 4 concurrency (watch 4 screens at the same time) which is shared across one Smart TV device and 3 mobile/laptop/tablet device(s) as Astro GO+ is complimentary with a Multiroom (Smart TV) subscription.