We provide one stop service to apply Astro and Broadband for you.
You can avoid driving and queuing at the sales counter. We are the dealer that can help you to handle your application from the beginning to the end.

We do not charge you when you apply from us. There is no credit card information required to apply here. Charges are the same as you apply from the sales counter.

First, you can apply online, we will get back to you immediately during business hour. WhatsApp/Email/Fax us your Photocopy of IC (for malaysian) / Passport (for foreigners). When we receive all the information, we will proceed with your application immediately.

Once we receive your application with complete information, we will process your application immediately during business hour. The contractor from the service provider will then contact you for installation appointment once your application is approved.

Enjoy greater savings and hassle-free bill payment in one single bill for both Astro and Broadband. You get to enjoy Astro and Broadband at discounted price every month over the contract period of 24 months.

Astro offers multiple TV packs including Entertainment, Sports, Movies and Kids options. You can choose a pack that matches your viewing preferences and add optional streaming apps where available.

Yes, you may subscribe to Astro TV packs without bundling broadband. However, bundling Astro TV with Fibre Broadband may provide better monthly savings and convenience with a single bill.

For small households with light streaming and browsing, 100Mbps is usually sufficient. Larger families, gamers or heavy streamers may benefit from 500Mbps or 1Gbps plans for smoother performance across multiple devices.

Most Astro TV and Fibre broadband plans come with a 24-month contract. Early termination charges may apply if cancellation is made before the contract ends.

Yes, you may upgrade your TV pack or broadband speed at any time, subject to eligibility and coverage. A new contract period may apply depending on the upgrade.

Your monthly bill will be issued directly by Astro. You may receive it via email or access it through your Astro account. Bundled customers will receive a single combined bill for TV and broadband services.

Payment methods may include online banking, auto debit, credit card or other approved payment channels provided by Astro. Our team can guide you during the registration process.

If you experience any service interruption, you may contact Astro customer support for technical assistance. In many cases, issues can be resolved remotely or a technician will be arranged if necessary.

Yes, relocation is subject to service availability at your new address. Relocation charges and contract adjustments may apply depending on your plan.

No, you do not need a credit card to submit your application. Payment setup will be arranged directly with Astro after your service is approved.

Selected Astro TV packs allow optional add-ons such as streaming services depending on current promotions and availability. Additional monthly charges may apply.

Yes, a WiFi router is typically provided during fibre installation. The router model may vary depending on the selected broadband speed plan.

Yes, we will check the service coverage at your address before proceeding with your application to ensure broadband is available at your location.

For Malaysians, please provide a copy of your MyKad. For foreigners, provide a copy of your passport when submitting your broadband application.

After your application is approved, the service provider typically contacts you within 2 to 7 working days to arrange the broadband installation appointment.

Most Astro Broadband plans come with a 24-month contract starting from your installation date. If you relocate, a new 24-month contract may apply at your new address.

Yes, you can relocate your broadband service, subject to service availability at the new address. Your contract may reset for another 24 months from the new installation date.

Yes, you may request to relocate broadband devices within your home. Non-standard installation charges may apply and are payable to the installer directly after assessment.

Yes, you can switch to Astro Broadband. To avoid service interruption, it is recommended to activate the new service before terminating your current broadband contract.

Standard installations may be free during promotions, but non-standard installations (e.g., device relocation or complex wiring) may incur extra charges payable directly to the installer.

Photograph or scan your payment receipt, and send it to one of our contact platforms found here.

This Disney+ Hotstar software update will be rolled out progressively to all Ulti Box customers starting 23 August 2022. Please be assured that you will be able to access the Disney+ Hotstar app on your Ulti Box soon. 

If you need further assistance, please call our Customer Contact Centre or WhatsApp "DH Help

For customers subscribed to our New Astro Packs (for example: Primary, Entertainment or Sports Packs), you will be charged a one-off switching fee of RM10 (excl. govt tax) if you decide to switch to another ala-carte add-on with a lower fee. For example, removing Korean add-on (RM9.99/month) and purchasing Horror add-on (RM5.99/month) will incur a RM10 (excl. govt tax) switching fee to your account. 

For customers subscribed to our Old Astro Packs (for example: Super or Dynasty Packs), there will be a one-off switching fee of RM10 (excl. govt tax) if you decide to switch to another ala-carte add-on with a lower or same fee. For example, removing Korean add-on (RM9.99/month) and purchasing Horror add-on (RM5.99/month) OR Kids add-on (RM9.99/month) will incur a RM10 (excl. govt tax) switching fee to your account. 

STEP 1

Check on the adapter's power light.

If the adapter's power light is ON, please refer to Blank Screen troubleshooting steps here.

Otherwise, if the adapter's power light is OFF, switch off the power for your box.

STEP 2

Ensure power cable is connected tightly.

Plug in power cable to different power socket and switch on the plug.

You should no longer be experiencing this problem.

If issue remains, proceed to STEP 3.

STEP 3

Try a different power socket to connect the equipment.

Turn on the power socket and check the adapter's power light.

If there is no light on your power adaptor's, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with error details and provide your sim card number for assistance.

Please indicate in the form if any lightning strike/thunderstorm/power trip occurred.

STEP 1    

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2    

Navigate to Settings and press "OK".

STEP 3    

Navigate to STB Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 4    

From General Tab, look at the Smart Card No for the smartcard number.

STEP 5    

Take look at the Set Top Box Serial Number for the box serial number.

The main features and changes in this update are the revamped look and feel of Astro's user interface on the Astro Ultra/Ulti Boxes and Astro GO, which include redesigns to the Astro interface that consists of title rows at the Home Page to feature popular franchises, new live programmes posters and changes to the menu bar for easier navigation; auto-start Interactive Mode on Astro GO; as well as a Picture-in-Picture mode that shrinks your video player so you can keep watching your favourite shows while using other apps.

The details of each feature are:

• New Astro user interface
• Picture-in-picture mode
• Auto-start Interactive Mode on Astro GO

For more info, please read our dedicated FAQ on this here.

No, the Ulti Box does not support 4K UHD content. If you would like to watch Astro's 4K UHD content, please sign up for an Ultra box at Astro Ultra Box and Ulti Box | Astro.

STEP 1
On your Astro remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.


STEP 2
Navigate to Settings.


STEP 3
Navigate to STB Diagnostics and press "OK".


STEP 4
Select General Diagnostics and press "OK".


STEP 5
General Diagnostics results will be displayed on the screen.
Scroll until observed the SW Download Status.

The Liga Malaysia will be available for all Astro customers starting 3 May 2024 as part of your Astro subscription at no additional cost until further notice.
 

Please visit http://help.netflix.com to call or start a live chat with Netflix's customer support agents. You will be assisted to unlink your Netflix account from your Astro subscription. After the process, you may link another Netflix account to your Astro subscription.

For Astro Fibre, you may choose from a selection of Broadband speeds from 100Mbps to 800Mbps for as low as RM129/month and receive a free WiFi 6 router & Astro Fibre App. On top of this, you will also get to enjoy a complimentary speed upgrade for 24 months. A new 24-month contract will begin upon successful installation and full details of this offer are as follows:

If you're trying to visit a website and it won't load, but others do, there could be a variety of causes. If the site itself is down, there's not much you can do but wait.

If you can load the  site on other computers or devices (make sure you try different means of connecting to the internet), there may be an issue with your computer or network.

There are some quick fixes that will solve most problems, but you may have to get your hands a little dirty.

1. Try loading the site on a different device.

Try loading the website on your phone or on another computer. If the website loads on the other device, the problem lies with your computer.

If the website doesn't load on another  device, the problem is either with the network or the website itself.
 

2. Restart your computer.

Oftentimes, a simple reboot will fix the problem you're having. Reboot your computer and test the website again.
 

3. Try loading the site in a different browser.
 

There may be some settings configured incorrectly on your browser. Try a different web browser to see if you can  load the website.
 

4. Temporarily disable your antivirus program.

Your antivirus software may be interfering with your ability to load certain websites.

Try disabling the software and then loading the site again. Make sure you enable it again once you have identified the problem.
 

5. Reset your modem and router.

Traffic to or from a certain website may be getting tripped up by your  modem or router. Resetting these devices may allow you to access the website again.
 

6. Check your computer's date and time settings.

If your date or time is set incorrectly, you may not be able to  connect to secure (https://) websites.

Check your computer or mobile device's clock to make sure that it is  set to the correct time and date.
 

7. In the event the problem persists, please provide below details for further escalation:

   i. List of websites effected.

   ii. Run the Speed Test via LAN (cable) and Wi-Fi connection - Please click here for Speed Test guideline.

   iii. Run the Traceroute Test - Please click here for Traceroute Test guideline.

   iv. Run the Ping Test -  Please click here for Ping Test guideline.

Once you've  gathered all the results, kindly send them all through the Feedback Form below.

Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access  parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our  server.

You need to identify your modem type by looking at the modem light indicator before proceeding with troubleshooting.

The type of modem is indicated as per below:

MODEM INDICATOR 1



MODEM INDICATOR 2




MODEM INDICATOR 3



BTS 1

1. Please power off your modem and router. (This is to refresh your modem and router performance)
2. Make sure the fibre cable from your wall socket to modem is securely connected.

3. Please ensure the LAN cable is securely connected from router to your devices (Astro Box/Laptop etc.)

Modem connection

   

Router connection



4. Now, power on modem and router, wait for 2 minutes to stabilise the devices after reboot. Your internet services should be restored.

5. If issue persists, please connect to our agent and attach your modem light indicator picture for further assistance.



BTS 2

1. Please power off your modem and router. 
    (This is to refresh your modem and router performance)

2. Make sure the fibre cable from your wall socket to modem is securely connected.



3. Please ensure both LAN cables on the Modem (LAN Port 2) and Router (Port 1) are properly connected.


Modem connection


   
Router connection


4. Power on your modem and router, wait for 2 minutes to stabilise the devices after reboot. Your internet services should be restored.

5. If issue persists, please connect to our agent and attach your modem light indicator picture for further assistance.



BTS 3

1. Please ensure your modem and router power plugs are securely connected to the power socket.



2. Alternatively, try to connect the power plug to a different power socket or power source. This step is to eliminate the possibility of faulty power socket which could cause the issue.

3. If issue persists, please connect to our agent for further assistance.

STEP 1    

On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2    

Navigate to Settings.

STEP 3  

Navigate to Satellite Settings and press "OK".

STEP 4  

Select Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 5    

Signal reading on Tuner 1 will be displayed. Navigate to right arrow for next step.

STEP 6  

Signal reading on Tuner 2 will be displayed. Navigate to "Done" and press "OK" to complete the diagnostics.

STEP 1

Switch OFF the power of your Ultra / Ulti box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2

Switch ON the power of your Ultra / Ulti  box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.

STEP 3

On your remote control, press the standby button repeatedly until the Startup Options appear on TV.

STEP 4    

Press "1".

‍

STEP 5

Press "1".

‍

STEP 6

The Software Update progress screen will appears.    

The update will take 10 - 15 minutes to  complete.    

Please be patience.

Please follow the steps below:

Step1: Fill in Merge/Split Equipment Form (Part A & Part B)

Step2: A full payment to be made on any outstanding balance for all related accounts (if any).

Step3: Submit all documents via feedback form or walk in to nearest Astro Customer Service Centre (CSC).

Step4: Customer will expect a call from our validation team (Note: Turnaround time for merge/ split of account is 3-5 working days upon receiving all complete documentation).

Note:

1. There might be a loss of transmission during the processing of transfer equipment ownership, split or merge of equipment.

Your documents will be handled in compliance with standards set by PDPA (Personal Data Protection Act 2010) and will not be used for other means without your specific consent.

STEP 1
On your remote, press the Home button and the Home Page will be displayed on your screen.



STEP 2
Navigate to Profile.



STEP 3
The Profile Selection Screen will be displayed. 



STEP 4
Navigate to Edit Profile.



STEP 5
Choose a profile to edit.




STEP 6
Choose a new Profile Picture and press “OK”.


 

Refund  can be made when there be a termination of account, over payments and in  cases where payment was wrongly made to another Astro account.

By default, the band steering featured is disabled. Follow these steps to enable it.

Note: Band Steering is called Dual-band Combination in the router web interface.

1. Please connect your computer or laptop to your Astro Fibre router using LAN cable. Your LAN cable must be connected from the yellow port of Astro Fibre router (Any available port).
2. Once connected, open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, type http://192.168.100.254 and below page will appear.

Login using your username and password if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router login is as per below.

Username: user
Password: user

 

4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click Wi-Fi to configure the WiFi parameters.

6. Click on Dual-band Combination button to enable the Band Steering.

7. A pop-up message will appear showing "The device network may be disconnected when dual-band combination is enabled". Click "OK" to proceed.

8. Set the Wi-Fi name and Wi-Fi password based on customer's preferences. Then click "Apply" for the changes to take place.

Please reconnect to the new Wi-Fi name with the new password once completed.

For Residential Astro Pay TV customers: You may change your contract from e.g., 12-month to 24-month without incurring a switching fee or cancellation fee. However, if you change your contract from e.g., 24-month to 12-month, will be charged a cancellation fee accordingly if still within minimum term (contract) period. No switching fee applicable.

You can now choose to log in using your email address, mobile number or a social account (Facebook, Google or Apple).

You will not be able to switch between channels, use the app as a remote control, view favorite channels and programmes, use programme showtime reminder, and remote record feature.

Astro GO is a companion app that is complimentary for all Astro subscribers and allows up to 2 users to stream at the same time. 200 hours of cloud recording* come complimentary with your Pay TV subscription. 

Astro GO+ is an add-on service that enables up to 4 users to stream Astro GO and/or Multiroom Smart TV** at the same time. The amount of cloud recording storage will also be increased to 1500 hours. 

 *Cloud recording hours are shared across your Astro Box, Astro GO and Multiroom Smart TV 

** Provided that you have a Multiroom Smart TV subscription

Video On Demand (VOD) is a new way of enjoying your Astro, for free* as part of your subscription. Here's what you can do by watching your show via VOD:

1. Pick and choose your show anytime of the day without needing to wait for your show to air.

2. Catch-up on episodes you've missed or binge-watch all episodes instantly.

3. Pause, rewind, or fast-forward to your favourite parts of the show.

4. Watch full uncut episodes.

5. No weather or other disruptions during your viewing time.

6. Browse our library of recommended shows for you based on your viewing history. Everything you see is free as part of your subscription.

7. To rent additional blockbuster movies on a pay-per-view basis, visit the "Store' section in our VOD library.

Here’s how to access On Demand:

1. Connect your Astro PVR/Ultra Box to Wi-Fi or download the Astro GO app from here.

2. Press Home on your remote and scroll to On Demand or login with your Astro ID via your Astro GO app.

3. Start streaming on your TV or Astro GO app anytime, anywhere.

* On Demand is FREE for customers with a Wi-Fi connected PVR/Ultra Box and Astro GO app. Entitlement is based on your subscription.

Note: You can also rent additional movies on a pay-per-view basis, all found in the Store.

Yes, existing Astro customers can subscribe to all Astro & Broadband offerings. 24 months contract will be renewed upon signing up for broadband.

If the bill has been paid, there will not be any additional service tax charge. However, if the bill has been issued by Astro but has not been paid, then the 8% Service Tax will be reflected in the next bill with adjustments on the new tax rate for services rendered from 1st March onwards.

Example:
Bills issued on 15th February will be charged the 6% SST. Customers will see proration for 8% from 1st – 14th March in the next bill issued on 15th March 2024. If you have fully paid your February bill before 1st March, the Service Tax will remains at 6%. You will be able to see the adjustment reflected in your next bill.  
 

By changing from a higher contract duration e.g., 24-months commitment period to lower contract duration e.g., 12-months, a proration of the cancellation fee will be applicable whereby you will be charged per contract's month balance against the maximum cancellation fee agreed upon during sign up for the offer.

A proration of the cancellation fee will be applicable whereby you will be charged per contract's month balance against the maximum cancellation fee agreed upon during sign up for the offer.

You will start a new contract with 12-months commitment and receive the corresponding discount for that duration.

Check out how a cancellation fee is calculated with examples via this link:

Please ensure you:  

a. Have your original identification card “MyKad” (Front & Back) with you (Malaysian).

b. Have your original Passport & Visa with you (Non-Malaysian).

c. Are in a brightly lit environment

The Download/Upload for each of the speed is as follow:

50Mbps/20Mbps

100Mbps/50Mbps

500Mbps/100Mbps

800Mbps/200Mbps

*Actual download/upload speeds is dependent on external factors, including but not limited to the distance between your devices and the WiFi router, network capacity and the number of connected users, the quality of your internal wiring, any obstructions of WiFi signals, the signal strength of wireless connection from your devices and if you are using a wireless connection. 

The Astro Fibre app is a newly introduced mobile application exclusively for Astro Fibre customers to allow them to schedule when each user can access the internet, share network access to guests in a secure manner, easy device management, amongst many other features for a better WiFi experience. For more information about this app, please visit here.

You must subscribe to an Astro subscription (NJOI customers are not eligible) in order to get the Ulti Box. 

‍

The eligibility criteria for the Ulti Box are as follows:

New Customers

All new Astro customers with a monthly subscription fee of below RM100 will be entitled to select the Ulti Box upon signing up for Astro’s packages. 

‍

Existing Customers (Box Upgrade for Primary or Multiroom)

Existing customers are required to have an internet connection at home with a recommended internet speed of 10Mbps and above in order to upgrade your existing box to Ulti Box. 

Note: 

·      Existing Ultra Box customers are not eligible for a swap to the Ulti Box.

·      If your existing box is a PVR, you will lose access to all the recordings stored in the PVR

‍

Multiroom (New subscription)

Customers subscribing for an additional multiroom subscription are entitled to select the Ulti Box as part of the subscription.

Yes, you are eligible for selected bundle packages with rebates up to RM39/month and a free speed upgrade if you subscribe within the promotion period. Kindly note that monthly rebates are only available for Pay TV + Astro Fibre bundles but the speed upgrade is available for all packages including standalone plans.
 

Your Astro account number is a 10-digit combination e.g.08XXXXXXXX. You may log on to My Astro Portal, select "Account" , and you may find your 10-digit account number above your address, or refer to the top right-hand corner of your bill.

No, you will not be automatically switched to the new pricing. To perform a manual switch, please contact us at 03-9543 3838.

Your Disney+ Hotstar will be paused and will only resume once your Astro service is reinstated. 

Please refer below for the installation and activation fees for Astro customers on the new pack.

You may call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 or wait for an Astro representative to be in contact with you within 2 working days to assist you with your order.

STEP 1

Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.

STEP 2

Locate the SIM card at the left side and gently pull it out.

STEP 3

Wipe the SIM card's gold chip clean using a dry soft cloth.

STEP 4

Make sure the gold chip is facing down and reinsert it all the way in.

STEP 5

Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.

Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 6

Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this problem.    

If issue persist, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with the error details and provide sim card number for assistance.

Any Astro GO compatible device (mobile/tablet/PC) and Multiroom Smart TV* compatible TVs will benefit from Astro GO+. 

STEP 1    

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2    

Navigate to My TV and press "OK".

STEP 3  

Navigate to Bookings and press "OK".

STEP 4    

Your list of your booking programs will  be displayed.

Intermittent internet connection using LAN cable

Looks like there is something wrong with your service connection.

Please run a Ping Test, Traceroute Test and attach the picture or screenshot of both test results in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.

Please ensure to attach the required screenshot(s) in ONE file (i.e. Microsoft Word document, PDF, Image file) before submitting the form.

Intermittent internet connection using Wi-Fi

1. Router Positioning
   Most people underestimate the importance of picking a good spot for a Wi-Fi router. Even a small shift in positioning could end up being the difference between day and night.
   
    i) High vs. Low
   Put the router as high up as possible to extend the broadcasting range of the radio waves. This also helps clear the router of possible interferences.
   
   ii) Concrete & Metals
   Make sure your router isn't blocked by any other objects, especially devices that are electronic. Also, avoid placing your router in your basement as this area is usually enclosed by a lot of concrete, which can be almost impossible for Wi-Fi signals to penetrate.
   
   iii) Distance to Router
   The further away from your router you get, the weaker the Wi-Fi signal. Therefore, the best option is to place your router as close to your devices as possible, but this is only practical if you have one main area where you tend to use your devices.
   
   Otherwise, you should place your router near the center of your home. After all, Wi-Fi broadcasts in 360 degrees, so it doesn't make sense to put it at one end of the house.
   
    

2. Wireless Interference & Noise
   You've probably never noticed but there are wireless signals all around you wherever you go and they're passing through you all the time. From where? Electronic devices, Wi-Fi routers, satellites, cell towers, and more.
   
   Although Wi-Fi is supposed to be on a different frequency than most of these devices, the amount of radio noise can still cause interference. Some common causes of interference include:
   i) Microwaves
   ii) Bluetooth Devices
   iii) Cordless Phone
    

3.  Surrounding Wi-Fi signals
   A truth of the modern world is that every household has their own Wi-Fi network, which can cause issues with channel  overlap. This can be somewhat problematic in a townhouse, but is especially problematic in housing complexes and apartments where there can be many  routers within close proximity. Which is why it's important that you pick a good channel in your router settings. Modern routers can choose channels for you automatically, but sometimes it's better to investigate and find the best channel yourself.

4. Usage
   More likely, however, is that the people on your network such as friends, roommates, or family members are participating in bandwidth-heavy activities like gaming and streaming Ultrabox/Netflix.
   Fortunately, if this is the case, you can prioritize your own network traffic by enabling Quality of Service in your router settings.

If the problem persists, please run a Ping Test, Traceroute Test and attach the picture or screenshot of both test results in the Feedback Form below, in order for us to provide further assistances.

Please make sure to attach the required screenshot(s) in ONE file (i.e. Microsoft Word document, PDF, Image file) before submitting the form.

Quick Info
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our server.

Yes, customer may choose to have different billing method for each different account.

Physical bill charging will only apply to the account that has opted for paper bills.

Astro ID and / or account deletion is permanent. Upon deletion, it will be unlinked from your TV subscription account and you will be logged out from all the associated Astro apps and / or services connected including the partner apps that you have logged in using the same Astro ID. If you have any queries regarding Astro ID or would like to request for Astro ID account deletion, click on submit your request here, fill in the required details and our Astro representative will get back to you within 3 business days for security verification purposes.

Band Steering is a functionality that our WiFi router (Huawei K562E) has that intelligently connects devices to its WiFi to the best frequency bands available based on usage, speed and coverage by using only one same SSID for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz band.

STEP 1  

On your remote, press the “HOME” button and the home menu will be displayed at the bottom of your screen.

STEP 2    

Navigate to SETTINGS and press “OK”.

STEP 3  

Navigate to STB DIAGNOSTICS and press “OK”.

STEP 4    

Refer to the signal strength % shown on the top left of your screen.

Please call our Customer Contact Centre or WhatsApp "DH Help" at 03 9543 3838 to cancel your Disney+ Hotstar 3-months add-on pass with Astro. 

Tap on the "Account' tab on the navigation bar and scroll to "Billing' section. Tap on "Bill Statement' to view any bill statement up to six (6) months.

Yes, you will need to pay additional RM25 per remaining contract months per unit on top of the standard Broadband penalty fee should you terminate the contract within 24 months.

STEP 1  

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2

Navigate to Update Satellite Frequency and press “OK”.

‍

STEP 3    

Choose Reprogramming and press “OK”.

STEP 4    

Select Yes, continue and press "OK" to proceed with the update.      

Otherwise, select No, go back to cancel.

STEP 5  

Satellite Frequency Update progress screen will be displayed.

‍

STEP 6    

The test result will be displayed once completed.    

Press "OK" to go back to  channel.