We provide one stop service to apply Astro and Broadband for you.
You can avoid driving and queuing at the sales counter. We are the dealer that can help you to handle your application from the beginning to the end.

We do not charge you when you apply from us. There is no credit card information required to apply here. Charges are the same as you apply from the sales counter.

First, you can apply online, we will get back to you immediately during business hour. WhatsApp/Email/Fax us your Photocopy of IC (for malaysian) / Passport (for foreigners). When we receive all the information, we will proceed with your application immediately.

Once we receive your application with complete information, we will process your application immediately during business hour. The contractor from the service provider will then contact you for installation appointment once your application is approved.

Enjoy greater savings and hassle-free bill payment in one single bill for both Astro and Broadband. You get to enjoy Astro and Broadband at discounted price every month over the contract period of 24 months.

Astro offers multiple TV packs including Entertainment, Sports, Movies and Kids options. You can choose a pack that matches your viewing preferences and add optional streaming apps where available.

Yes, you may subscribe to Astro TV packs without bundling broadband. However, bundling Astro TV with Fibre Broadband may provide better monthly savings and convenience with a single bill.

For small households with light streaming and browsing, 100Mbps is usually sufficient. Larger families, gamers or heavy streamers may benefit from 500Mbps or 1Gbps plans for smoother performance across multiple devices.

Most Astro TV and Fibre broadband plans come with a 24-month contract. Early termination charges may apply if cancellation is made before the contract ends.

Yes, you may upgrade your TV pack or broadband speed at any time, subject to eligibility and coverage. A new contract period may apply depending on the upgrade.

Your monthly bill will be issued directly by Astro. You may receive it via email or access it through your Astro account. Bundled customers will receive a single combined bill for TV and broadband services.

Payment methods may include online banking, auto debit, credit card or other approved payment channels provided by Astro. Our team can guide you during the registration process.

If you experience any service interruption, you may contact Astro customer support for technical assistance. In many cases, issues can be resolved remotely or a technician will be arranged if necessary.

Yes, relocation is subject to service availability at your new address. Relocation charges and contract adjustments may apply depending on your plan.

No, you do not need a credit card to submit your application. Payment setup will be arranged directly with Astro after your service is approved.

Selected Astro TV packs allow optional add-ons such as streaming services depending on current promotions and availability. Additional monthly charges may apply.

Yes, a WiFi router is typically provided during fibre installation. The router model may vary depending on the selected broadband speed plan.

Yes, we will check the service coverage at your address before proceeding with your application to ensure broadband is available at your location.

For Malaysians, please provide a copy of your MyKad. For foreigners, provide a copy of your passport when submitting your broadband application.

After your application is approved, the service provider typically contacts you within 2 to 7 working days to arrange the broadband installation appointment.

Most Astro Broadband plans come with a 24-month contract starting from your installation date. If you relocate, a new 24-month contract may apply at your new address.

Yes, you can relocate your broadband service, subject to service availability at the new address. Your contract may reset for another 24 months from the new installation date.

Yes, you may request to relocate broadband devices within your home. Non-standard installation charges may apply and are payable to the installer directly after assessment.

Yes, you can switch to Astro Broadband. To avoid service interruption, it is recommended to activate the new service before terminating your current broadband contract.

Standard installations may be free during promotions, but non-standard installations (e.g., device relocation or complex wiring) may incur extra charges payable directly to the installer.

Astro is an official distributor of Disney+ Hotstar, the dedicated streaming home of global, and Malaysian Hits. Astro customers can now subscribe to Disney+ Hotstar through our Movies, Premium 1, Premium 3 or Platinum Pack and enjoy award-winning entertainment with Disney+ Hotstar alongside Astro's much-loved local content for even better value and savings. Now, customers can enjoy Disney+ Hotstar on their Ultra or Ulti Box, mobile app or web! In addition, customers who have multiple primary Astro accounts will be entitled to multiple entitlements to Disney+ Hotstar.

STEP 1    

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2    

Navigate to Settings and press "OK".

STEP 3    

Navigate to Digital Audio and press "OK".

STEP 4    

Choose your preferred selection and press “OK”.

STEP 5    

Select Yes, continue and press "OK" to confirm on the changes.        

Otherwise, select No, go back to cancel.

Video On Demand is FREE* for all Astro customers with connected Astro boxes (Ultra Box, Ulti Box, HD-PVR &PVR boxes). Aside from our extensive library of more than 110,000 video, you can also enjoy blockbuster movies on a pay-per-view basis. 

‍Please note that your default pin is 0000 to make any purchases. 

‍*Entitlement is based on subscription package.

Currently, this change affects SMS bills only. Other SMSs such as (but not limited to) bill reminders, payment notifications, promotional SMSs or technical appointment reminders will still be sent to you if applicable.

If you need further help with the Astro Fibre app, you may call our Customer Contact Centre at 03 - 9543 1543 and an Astro agent will be available to assist you immediately.

Step 1:

Type ASTRO EBILL <Your 10-Digit Smart Card Number> <Your Email Address> 

Example: ASTRO EBILL 0156123412 abcdabcd@gmail.com

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Step 2:

Send SMS to 66688

Note: This request must be sent from account holder’s mobile/primary number 

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*Standard telco charges and Terms & Conditions apply

This issue occurs because  your TV does not support the higher resolution.
 

STEP 1

Switch off the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is off.
 

STEP 2

Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter's power light is on.
 

STEP 3

Press the standby button repeatedly after switch on the power.

The Startup Options screen will appear on your TV.

STEP 4

Press "987" to access the Advanced Startup Options menu.

Then, press "1" to initiate a reset setting.

STEP 5

Press "OK" to confirm restore to factory setting.

STEP 6

After the factory setting is restored, TV will turn blank.

Please wait until the box completes initiate setup.

STEP 7

Press "1" to initiate Linux download on the software.

STEP 8

Once completed, the following screen will appear on your TV.

Refer to Installation Setup guide here to complete the setup.

Having trouble with  your phone line ?

You may proceed to contact below dedicated service provider directly

1 800 1818 18

If you have NOT made any changes to your Astro pack on or after 9th November 2021, you can enjoy up to four (4) concurrent streams on Astro GO anywhere, anytime. However, if you have Astro GO+ as part of your subscription, you will be upgraded to four (4) concurrent streams.

1. Router Positioning
   • Most people underestimate the importance of picking a good spot for a Wi-Fi router. Even a small shift in positioning could end up being the difference between day and night.
   • High vs. Low
     • Put the router as high up as possible to extend the broadcasting range of the radio waves. This also helps clear the router of possible interferences.
   • Concrete & Metals
     • ​Make sure your router isn't blocked by any other objects, especially devices that are electronic. Also, avoid placing your router in your basement as this area is usually enclosed by a lot of concrete, which can be almost impossible for WiFi signals to penetrate.
   • Distance to Router
     • ​ The further away from your router you  get, the weaker the Wi-Fi signal. Therefore, the best option is to place your router as close to your devices as possible, but this is only practical if you have one main area where you tend to use your devices.
     • Otherwise, you should place your  router near the center of your home. After all, WiFi broadcasts in 360 degrees, so it doesn't make sense to put it at one end of the house.
2. Wireless Interference & Noise
   • You've probably never  noticed but there are wireless signals all around you wherever you go and  they're passing through you all the time. From where? Electronic devices,  WiFi routers, satellites, cell towers, and more.
   • Although WiFi is  supposed to be on a different frequency than most of these devices, the  amount of radio noise can still cause interference. Some common causes of interference include:
     1. Microwaves
     2. Bluetooth Devices
     3. Cordless Phone
3. Surrounding Wi-Fi signals
   • A truth of the modern world is that every  household has their own WiFi network, which can cause issues with channel overlap. This can be somewhat problematic in a townhouse, but is especially problematic in housing complexes and apartments where there can be many  routers within close proximity.
   • Which is why it's important that you pick a good channel in your router settings. Modern routers can choose channels  for you automatically, but sometimes it's better to investigate and find the best channel yourself.
4. Usage
   • More likely, however, is that the people  on your network such as friends, roommates, or family members are participating in bandwidth-heavy activities like gaming and streaming Ultrabox/ Netflix.
   • Fortunately, if this is the case, you can prioritize your own network traffic by enabling Quality of Service in your router settings.

You may proceed with below troubleshooting and it shouldn't take you any longer than 15 minutes.

1. Please standby computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN (cable) [Connect the LAN (cable) to the blue port at Cisco Router and direct to computer/laptop].

2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.

3. On the address bar, please go to http://192.168.1.1 and below page will appear.

4. Type the Username and Password as below. Then click OK. (These are the defaults, if you have done previous configuration on your router the password may be different).
 

Username: admin

Password: admin (or time123)
 

5. The router's web-based setup page should now appear. Please follow below steps for the configuration.

i. On the setup page, click the Wireless tab then click on the Basic Wireless Settings sub-tab.

ii. On the Configuration View section, click the Manual radio button. Choosing the Manual setup will allow you to adjust your wireless channel according to your preference.

iii. Leave the Channel Width set to 20MHz Only.

iv. Click the drop-down arrow for Channel, then select your desired channel.

Choose between 1 until 11 (Suggested 1,6,11).

v. Click Save Settings to apply your changes. Router will auto reboot and connection re-establish after few minutes.

Please refer to these FAQs for more information, or click here to learn more and sign up for the Ultra Box. Alternatively, you may call 03-7481 8000 to get in touch with an Astro representative.

Yes, you may still watch CH550 Love Nature and CH811 Astro SuperSport which offers the same content/programmes, but in HD resolution. Kindly note that CH811 Astro SuperSport is only available for customers on the Sports, Sports Plus, Premium 1, Premium 2, Premium 4, Platinum Lite and Platinum Packs.

Yes, if a device is faulty due to the customer's negligence, they will be subjected to a penalty fee for each device:

• WiFi router: RM200

• Fibre modem: RM500

• Mesh WiFi: RM200/unit

STEP 1    

Press "HOME" button on your remote control.

STEP 2    

Navigate to Settings and press "OK".

STEP 3    

Navigate to Installation Settings and press "OK".

STEP 4    

Enter your PIN to access this setting. (Default PIN is 0000).

STEP 5    

Navigate to Restore Factory Settings and press "OK".

STEP 6    

Navigate to Yes, continue and  press "OK" to  confirm your selection.    

Otherwise, navigate to No, go back to maintain the settings.

STEP 7    

Please reboot your box.

STEP 8    

New Installation Settings screen will appear.    

Click here to follow New Installation Settings guide.

For Platinum Pack and Multiroom Smart TV customers, Astro GO+ is included in your subscription at no extra charge. For customers on other packages, you will be able to add-on Astro GO+ to your subscription for RM 5.99/month.

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1. Please connect your computer or laptop to your Astro Fibre router using WiFi or LAN cable. Your LAN cable must be connected from the yellow port of Astro Fibre router (Any available port).

2. Once connected, open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.

3. On the address bar, type http://192.168.100.254 and below page will appear.

‍

Login using your username and password  if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router  login is as per below.          

Username: user
Password: user

‍

4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

‍

5. At the top of the page, click WLAN to configure the WiFi parameters.

‍

6. You may change the Primary SSID (WiFI Name) and the WPA Passphrase (WiFi Password) to follow your preferences for 2.4G Wi-Fi Settings, then click "Save & Apply" for the changes to take place.

‍

7. You may make the same changes for 5G Settings by change the Primary SSID (WiFI Name) and the WPA Passphrase (WiFi Password) to follow your preferences, then click "Save & Apply" for the changes to take place.

All existing or new Astro customers who meet the following criteria may upgrade to the Ultra Box:

1. Have an internet connection at home (recommended>10Mbps speed)
2. Maintain a minimum subscription with a HD + Recording service

If you live in a high-rise building, please call us at 03- 7481 8000 to check if your building can support the Ultra Box. If your high-rise building allows for the set-up of individual dishes you will be able to upgrade to the Ultra Box, subject to the criteria above.

If you would like to access our 4K UHD content via the Astro UHD channel 805 and UHD content on VOD, Astro Best and Astro First. We also recommend:

1. 4K UHD supported TV that is HDCP2.2 compliant
2. Internet connection of at least 30Mbps

Note: If you do not have an internet connection at home, you may take up the Ultra Box bundled with Astro™'s broadband package with rebates of up to RM30/month. For more details and to sign up for Astro & Broadband, please click here.

Yes, all Astro customers with a Disney+ Hotstar subscription can access the app on the Ultra/Ulti Box. To access the app, please refer here. 

You will be contacted by an Astro representative within two working days to advise you on the next course of action.

It will take around 10 to 15 minutes before you are able to view your purchase.

You can proceed with below BTS if the weather is good. Otherwise, you may try again later.

‍

STEP 1

On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be  displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2

Navigate to SETTINGS.

STEP 3

Navigate to Satellite Settings and press “OK”.

STEP 4

Navigate to Diagnostics and press “OK”.

STEP 5

Refer to the signal strength on your screen.

If it is 65 or higher, please take the screenshot and submit your feedback form.

If it is below 65, please go to Step 6.

STEP 6

Switch off the power for your box and  make sure that the adapter’s power light is off.

STEP 7

Unscrew the satellite cable from the box  and pull it out.

STEP 8

Plug the satellite cable back into the  box and screw it back securely.

STEP 9

Switch on the power for your box and make sure that the adapter’s power light is on. Please wait for 5 minutes.

STEP 10

Turn on your box. You should no longer be experiencing this issue.

If issue persist, please submit the issue on our Feedback Form with error details and attach a picture of your General tab of the STB Diagnostics for assistance.

Centralized  Dish

If issue persist under a centralized satellite dish, please refer to your respective Building Management before contacting our agents.

For self-installation, in your first bill upon activation of your Plug& Play Box, the activation fee will be included as a separate line item in your bill alongside the subscription fee.

If you choose to install the Plug & Play Box via installer, you can pay the installation fee and activation fee directly to the installer upon installation. This will be reflected in your next bill itemised as setup fee.

Please note that only one Disney+ Hotstar access is bundled to each TV Pack subscription which allows two concurrent streams on Disney+ Hotstar. 

If you are subscribed to Netflix via a bundle, Netflix comes by default as part of your entitlement.

If you are subscribed to Netflix as an a-la carte, the cancellation of Netflix can only be done via Netflix's Website, etc). This change will reflect in your next bill. From mid-December 2021 you may also cancel Netflix add-on through Astro Call Center.

Your purchase will be reflected on your next monthly Astro bill. For example, if you rented a movie for RM 15.00 for 2 days and your next bill statement is in 2 weeks. RM 15.00 will be reflected in your Astro subscription bill in two weeks' time.

Yes, you are eligible for selected bundle packages with rebates up to RM39/month and a free speed upgrade if you subscribe within the promotion period. Kindly note that monthly rebates are only available for Pay TV + Astro Fibre bundles but the speed upgrade is available for all packages including standalone plans.
 

You will need to have an Astro subscription before you can subscribe to Disney+ Hotstar as an add-on service via Astro or enjoy any Astro bundle promotions. Please click here to subscribe to our Movies, Premium 1, Premium 3 or Platinum Pack to enjoy all your favourite Global and Malaysian hits for even better value and savings!

No, the PVR service fee is included in all Starter Pack, Value Pack, Super Pack Lite, Super Pack and Super Pack Plus subscriptions only.

Astro continuously reviews its product propositions to ensure we can provide the best customer experience for all our subscribers. We have discontinued the 50% multiroom in order to allow our Astro subscribers with a subscription fee of RM100 or more to only pay a standard RM49.99 (with box setup)  to enjoy the Multiroom experience on an Ultra or Ulti Box.

We apologise for any inconvenience.

Multiroom (Astro Box) requires an Astro box to be setup and can be accessed through the regular satellite feed or streaming on home Wi-Fi. Meanwhile, the Multiroom (Smart TV) only requires a Smart TV and no installation needed. Customers can download the Astro app on the Smart TV and connect to home Wi-Fi to stream.

You can access the self-help service 24 hours a day for the following: 

1. Check account balance.

2. Refresh your Smartcard if your account is active but TV screen displays "This channel is not included in your subscription" or "We apologise for the service interruption".

3. Check application status.

4. Guide on Self Service troubleshooting guide via SMS Link.

5.  Check trouble ticket appointment announcement.

6.  Apps Related Self Service login & Activation guide via SMS Link.

7.  Apps Related FAQ Details via SMS Link.

Please follow the steps below to verify your Astro ID:

 

The Download/Upload for each of the speed is as follow:

50Mbps/20Mbps

100Mbps/50Mbps

500Mbps/100Mbps

800Mbps/200Mbps

*Actual download/upload speeds is dependent on external factors, including but not limited to the distance between your devices and the WiFi router, network capacity and the number of connected users, the quality of your internal wiring, any obstructions of WiFi signals, the signal strength of wireless connection from your devices and if you are using a wireless connection. 

By default, the band steering featured is disabled. Follow these steps to enable it.

Note: Band Steering is called Dual-band Combination in the router web interface.

1. Please connect your computer or laptop to your Astro Fibre router using LAN cable. Your LAN cable must be connected from the yellow port of Astro Fibre router (Any available port).
2. Once connected, open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, type http://192.168.100.254 and below page will appear.

Login using your username and password if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router login is as per below.

Username: user
Password: user

 

4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click Wi-Fi to configure the WiFi parameters.

6. Click on Dual-band Combination button to enable the Band Steering.

7. A pop-up message will appear showing "The device network may be disconnected when dual-band combination is enabled". Click "OK" to proceed.

8. Set the Wi-Fi name and Wi-Fi password based on customer's preferences. Then click "Apply" for the changes to take place.

Please reconnect to the new Wi-Fi name with the new password once completed.

Although it is possible to pair the second mesh node unit with the first mesh, customers are advised to follow similar steps in setting up the Mesh Network by pairing the mesh unit with the WiFi router instead.

Option 1

1. Please turn off all devices (Modem and Router). By restarting your modem, you can isolate the possibility of overloaded processes in the modem, which would impact its performance.
2. Ensure both cables on Modem (LAN Port 1) and Router (Internet Port) are properly connected.

Modem connection

Router connection

3. Please make sure the LAN cable is connected properly from router (Port 1-4 - LAN  port) to PC/Laptop.

4. If you have change the password in Selfcare Time portal recently, please change the router configuration follows the new password made in  Selfcare, but if you didn't make any changes, please go to Step 5.

5. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form and attach your modem light indicator picture/video for further assistance.
 

Option 2 / Option 3

1. Please turn off all devices (Modem and Router). By restarting your modem, you can isolate the possibility of overloaded processes in the modem, which would impact its performance.

2. Gently remove fiber optic cable and  blow / wipe the tip of the fibre cable. This is to clean up the cable in  order to avoid any interferences.

3. Re-insert the fiber cable to the  optical port behind the modem.

4. Ensure both cables on Modem (LAN Port 1) and Router (Internet Port) are properly connected.

Modem Connection

Router Connection

5.  Make Sure both cables on Modem (LAN Port 4 /LAN Port 3 for second decoder) and Astro Decoder (Network Port) are properly inserted.

6. Switch on modem and router and please wait for 2 minutes to stabilise the devices after  reboot.

5. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form and attach your modem light indicator picture/video for further assistance.


Option 4

1. Ensure Modem/Router are connected tightly to the power socket.

2. Try to use another power socket / power source to eliminate faulty power sockets/ power sources which  could cause the issue.

3. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form for further assistance.

Option 5

1. Please ensure LAN cable is directly connected to modem port LAN 1.

2. Please use different LAN port if LAN 1 port is still off / not working.

3. If the issue persists, submit your feedback form for further assistance.

Please check your internet speed and connection status via internet connection test. If your internet is working fine and the issue persists, proceed to submit report via WhatsApp or Feedback Form.

Advance payment can be made via credit/debit card or online banking.

STEP 1

Press any button on your Astro remote.

INDICATOR: LED blinking 3 times / NO LED blink

SOLUTION: Replace new battery

STEP 2

Check if you can change channel using  your Astro remote control.

If issue remain after the battery replacement, try changing the channel manually directly from box front panel (If any).

If it's working, you might need to replace your Astro remote.

This might be due to a faulty Astro remote.

You may purchase it directly from Astro Exclusive Partners.

If confirm no issue with remote control, please refer to Decoder Hang at Channel troubleshooting steps here.

You may register for auto-debit via: -

‍

1.My Astro website.

‍

‍

2.MyAstro App.

‍

‍

3.Any of our AstroExperience Store.

Disabling band steering means that there will be two frequency bands available for the users - 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
 

Note: Band Steering is called Dual-band Combination in the router web interface.
 

1. Please connect your computer or laptop to your Astro Fibre router using LAN cable. Your LAN cable must be connected from the yellow port of Astro Fibre router (Any available port).
2. Once connected, open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, type http://192.168.100.254 and below page will appear.

Login using your username and password if you have changed the router login setting. Otherwise, your default router login is as per below.

Username: user
Password: user
 

4. Once you have successfully logged in, the router's web-based setup page will appear.

5. At the top of the page, click Wi-Fi to configure the WiFi parameters.

6. Click on Dual-band Combination button to disable the Band Steering.

7. Set the Wi-Fi name and Wi-Fi Password for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands based on your preference. Then click "Apply" for the changes to take place.

8. Kindly ensure to reconnect your WiFi according your new WiFi name and password.

Yes, however we do advise keeping your subscription while your TV is being fixed to avoid having to download the app again.

Most Astro customers are eligible to use the app, web, Ultra and Ulti boxes. You will only need to login with your Astro ID. Do note that your Astro ID must be linked to your Astro account to use the service. Click "Create now!' on the login page and you will be guided to create an Astro ID if you do not have one.

You may report the incident on WhatsApp at 03-9543 3838 by typing PNP and our access our user guide or request for further help from our dedicated agents. Please have your Airway Bill tracking numbers ready for validation. If a replacement box/Astro SIM card is deemed necessary, a new Box and a new Astro SIM card will be couriered to your service address.

STEP 1
In the Kids Profile, press the Home button on your remote and the home menu will be displayed.



STEP 2
Navigate to Profile.



STEP 3
The Profile Selection Screen will be displayed.



STEP 4
Choose an Adult Profile.



STEP 5
Switching from a Kids to an Adult Profile will require you to enter a 4-digit PIN.
Please enter your PIN to proceed. If you have not set up your PIN, the default code is 0000.



STEP 6
After entering the PIN, you will be able to enter the Adult Profile.


 

We would need you to  run few tests in order for us to understand your issue and to assist you in fixing the problem.

You may proceed with the troubleshooting steps below which should not require any longer than 15 minutes.

1. Please run each of the tests according to your your Laptop/ PC Software.

2. Compile the pictures/ screenshots of your test results in one file (i.e Microsof Word document, PDF file) and  attach them in the Support Ticket below in order for us to assist you further:

• List of websites effected.
• Run the Speed Test via LAN (cable) and Wi-Fi connection - Please click here for Speed Test guideline.
• Run the Traceroute Test - Please click here for Traceroute Test guideline.
• Run the Ping Test -  Please click here for Ping Test guideline.

3. Once you've gathered all the results, kindly send them all through the Feedback Form below,

Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access  parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our  server.

To subscribe, WhatsApp "Smart TV' or call 03-9543 3838.

Astro customers on the previous packages (e.g. Family Pack, Starter Pack, Value Pack, Super Pack Lite, Super Pack or Super Pack Plus) will first have to sign up to our new packages on astro.com.my before they are able to sign up for Multiroom (Smart TV).

You can subscribe to Multiroom (Smart TV) here or via any of our sales channels.

Astro Quick Pay is a convenient method to check your Bill Summary, Account Status and pay Astro bills at your convenience with immediate payment posting, right from home. Visit Astro Quick Pay to pay your bill now.

Yes, another person may register their credit card to your account's auto-debit facility. If you are performing this action via our call centre, the respective card holder is required to be present.