
A free satellite TV service from Astro. Watch lifetime entertainment, news, learning & information and more.
Pictures for illustration only.
Enjoy free access to 15+ TV channels & 10+ radio channels.
* Subject to Astro terms & conditions.
Step-1 |
Step-2 |
Step-3 |
Choose a plan & sign-up online. |
Sit back & wait for installation. |
Enjoy your new Astro / Broadband! |
Explore our TV Pack which includes a variety of entertainment channels.
The must-watch local and international content made for everyone in the family.
The best local & international cartoons & educational entertainment.
Global movies and series packed with action, drama and big thrills.
Latest breaking news & current affairs whilst you discover secrets of the world.
Witness every major league & live sports events, plus family entertainment.
The ultimate all-in-one entertainment with movies, sports & a variety of streaming apps.
Good for working from home and streaming. Get connected at 100Mbps and enjoy uninterrupted streaming, gaming, and browsing.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
100Mbps Astro Fibre RM99.00 |
Ideal for small families for 4K streaming & gaming. Get connected at 500Mbps and enjoy fast and stable internet for all your needs.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
500Mbps Astro Fibre RM149.00 |
Perfect for medium-sized families for work and play. Get connected at 1Gbps and experience ultra-fast internet speeds.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-7 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
1Gbps Astro Fibre RM229.00 |
Ultimate high-speed internet for everyone and everything. Get connected at 2Gbps and enjoy lightning-fast internet speeds.
FREE Modem
FREE WiFi-7 Router
Unlimited data
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack RM49.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Kids RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + Blockbuster RM59.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Entertainment Pack + News & Documentaries RM64.98 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Sports Pack RM99.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |
| What is included? |
Epic Pack RM199.99 |
2Gbps Astro Fibre RM319.00 |

A free satellite TV service from Astro. Watch lifetime entertainment, news, learning & information and more.
Pictures for illustration only.
New decoder only without satellite dish & cabling. You must have Astro/Njoi satellite dish and cable installed and working properly.
Including installation.
New decoder complete with satellite dish & cabling.
Including installation.
Reliable broadband plans that enable next-level business growth.
Supports up to 2-3 users on 5 devices.
Supports up to 6 users on 10 devices.
Supports up to 10 heavy users on multiple devices.
Supports up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Ultimate support for up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Good for Working From Home and streaming.
100Mbps/50Mbps
Free Standard Router (RG5)
100Mbps/50Mbps
Free Standard Router (RG5)
Netflix Basic
Suitable for full HD streaming & browsing.
300Mbps/50Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
300Mbps/50Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Basic
Ideal for small families for 4K streaming & gaming.
500Mbps/100Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
500Mbps/100Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
Perfect for medium-sized families for work and play.
1Gbps/500Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
1Gbps/500Mbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
Ultimate high-speed internet for everyone and everything.
2Gbps/1Gbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
2Gbps/1Gbps
Free WiFi-6 Combo Box
Netflix Standard
Reliable broadband plans that enable next-level business growth.
Supports up to 2-3 users on 5 devices.
Supports up to 2-3 users on 5 devices.
Fixed IP.
Supports up to 6 users on 10 devices.
Supports up to 6 users on 10 devices.
Fixed IP.
Supports up to 10 heavy users on multiple devices.
Supports up to 10 heavy users on multiple devices.
Fixed IP.
Supports up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Supports up to 10 power users on multiple devices.
Fixed IP.
Good for Working From Home and streaming.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Suitable for full HD streaming & browsing.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Ideal for small families for 4K streaming & gaming.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Perfect for medium-sized families for work and play.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Ultimate high-speed internet for everyone and everything.
Free WiFi-6 Router
Free WiFi-6 Router
Unlimited voice call
Applying for
| Astro Njoi UniFi Maxis |
Find your answers here.
We provide one stop service to apply Astro and Broadband for you.
You can avoid driving and queuing at the sales counter. We are the dealer that can help you to handle your application from the beginning to the end.
We do not charge you when you apply from us. There is no credit card information required to apply here. Charges are the same as you apply from the sales counter.
First, you can apply online, we will get back to you immediately during business hour. WhatsApp/Email/Fax us your Photocopy of IC (for malaysian) / Passport (for foreigners). When we receive all the information, we will proceed with your application immediately.
Once we receive your application with complete information, we will process your application immediately during business hour. The contractor from the service provider will then contact you for installation appointment once your application is approved.
Enjoy greater savings and hassle-free bill payment in one single bill for both Astro and Broadband. You get to enjoy Astro and Broadband at discounted price every month over the contract period of 24 months.
Astro offers multiple TV packs including Entertainment, Sports, Movies and Kids options. You can choose a pack that matches your viewing preferences and add optional streaming apps where available.
Yes, you may subscribe to Astro TV packs without bundling broadband. However, bundling Astro TV with Fibre Broadband may provide better monthly savings and convenience with a single bill.
For small households with light streaming and browsing, 100Mbps is usually sufficient. Larger families, gamers or heavy streamers may benefit from 500Mbps or 1Gbps plans for smoother performance across multiple devices.
Most Astro TV and Fibre broadband plans come with a 24-month contract. Early termination charges may apply if cancellation is made before the contract ends.
Yes, you may upgrade your TV pack or broadband speed at any time, subject to eligibility and coverage. A new contract period may apply depending on the upgrade.
Your monthly bill will be issued directly by Astro. You may receive it via email or access it through your Astro account. Bundled customers will receive a single combined bill for TV and broadband services.
Payment methods may include online banking, auto debit, credit card or other approved payment channels provided by Astro. Our team can guide you during the registration process.
If you experience any service interruption, you may contact Astro customer support for technical assistance. In many cases, issues can be resolved remotely or a technician will be arranged if necessary.
Yes, relocation is subject to service availability at your new address. Relocation charges and contract adjustments may apply depending on your plan.
No, you do not need a credit card to submit your application. Payment setup will be arranged directly with Astro after your service is approved.
Selected Astro TV packs allow optional add-ons such as streaming services depending on current promotions and availability. Additional monthly charges may apply.
Yes, a WiFi router is typically provided during fibre installation. The router model may vary depending on the selected broadband speed plan.
Yes, we will check the service coverage at your address before proceeding with your application to ensure broadband is available at your location.
For Malaysians, please provide a copy of your MyKad. For foreigners, provide a copy of your passport when submitting your broadband application.
After your application is approved, the service provider typically contacts you within 2 to 7 working days to arrange the broadband installation appointment.
Most Astro Broadband plans come with a 24-month contract starting from your installation date. If you relocate, a new 24-month contract may apply at your new address.
Yes, you can relocate your broadband service, subject to service availability at the new address. Your contract may reset for another 24 months from the new installation date.
Yes, you may request to relocate broadband devices within your home. Non-standard installation charges may apply and are payable to the installer directly after assessment.
Yes, you can switch to Astro Broadband. To avoid service interruption, it is recommended to activate the new service before terminating your current broadband contract.
Standard installations may be free during promotions, but non-standard installations (e.g., device relocation or complex wiring) may incur extra charges payable directly to the installer.
Yes, you can manage all of your Astro Fibre subscriptions with the Astro Fibre App. However, you would need to create a different Astro ID for each Astro Fibre account.
Customers who subscribe to the Movies, Premium 1, Premium 3 or Platinum Pack will be able to access Disney+ Hotstar immediately and start streaming all their favourite Global, Regional and Malaysian hits upon activation.
Tap on the "Account' screen on the navigation bar to view your outstanding balance. Click on "Pay Now' to pay your bill. If your payment is successful, you will receive a record and your payment history will be updated.


Please check your internet speed and connection status via internet connection test. If your internet is working fine and the issue persists, proceed to submit report via WhatsApp or Feedback Form.
For Astro Ultra Box or Ulti Boxes, you will be able to see an itemised charge called "Box Fee” in your Astro bill.
STEP 1
Press any button on your Astro remote.
INDICATOR: LED blinking 3 times / NO LED blink
SOLUTION: Replace new battery

STEP 2
Check if you can change channel using your Astro remote control.
If issue remain after the battery replacement, try changing the channel manually directly from box front panel (If any).
If it's working, you might need to replace your Astro remote.
This might be due to a faulty Astro remote.
You may purchase it directly from Astro Exclusive Partners.

If confirm no issue with remote control, please refer to Decoder Hang at Channel troubleshooting steps here.
If you have a random Astro power cable, remote control or old box lying around at home, you are required to discard them only at registered collection centres for proper handling and management of e-waste in an environmentally sound manner. Click here to find a registered collection centre near you.
For all recycling-related questions, please click here.
Astro invests billions of ringgits in content annually to keep Malaysians entertained and informed. Hence, we work alongside industry players, content partners and regulators in protecting intellectual property so that Astro can continue to produce and aggregate compelling content for our viewers.
We continue to educate and raise awareness among the public and businesses about the economic and social losses caused by content piracy. You can play your part in combating piracy by reporting potential copyright infringement of Astro content to the Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Ministry (KPDNHEP) on the following channels:

You may proceed with the following troubleshooting steps and it shouldn’t take you much longer than 15 minutes.
1. Please standby a computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN cable (connect the LAN cable to the Black port at D-Link Router and direct to the computer/laptop).
2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, please go to http://dlinkrouter.local./ and below page will appear. (These are the defaults and if you have done a configuration on your router previously, the password may be different).
Username: admin
Password: (Leave the field blank)

4. Once you have successfully login, the router's web-based setup page will appear. Please follow below steps for the configuration.

5. From the top menu, click Settings and then choose Wireless.

6. Below screen will appear to configure the wireless setting. Since this is a dual band router, you will have 2 Wi-Fi Names (SSID) i.e. 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
You may connect to any of the SSID, preferably with a stronger signal available.

7. You may change the Wi-Fi Name (SSID) and the Password to follow your preferences, and then click "Save" for the changes to take place.
Please reconnect to the new wireless name with the new password once completed.
If you sign up Astro & Broadband with standard Ultra & Ulti box (DBB), all channels are available.
However, there are channels that will not be available with Ultra/Ulti Plug & Play Box which are NHK World (398).

| Step 1: Visit https://id.astro.com.my/ and click on “Forgot Astro ID?” | Step 2: Enter your Account/Smartcard Number. If you do not know where to find it, click on “Where to find your Account/ Smartcard Number” |
This change was made to ensure that all customers enjoy a better user experience on our platforms and are kept up to date with which email address and mobile number is linked to their account.
You can subscribe to new packs via
You can add on Astro Fibre, our own internet service to your existing TV Pack for even more value and savings. Please click here to learn more about Astro Fibre.
Yes, a charge of up to RM20.00 may be imposed upon reconnection.
We would need you to run few tests in order for us to understand your issue and to assist you in fixing the problem.
You may proceed with the troubleshooting steps below which should not require any longer than 15 minutes.
Quick Info
A Speedtest is a service that provides free analysis of Internet access parameters, such as connection data rate.
A Ping Test shows how long it takes for packets to reach host.
A Traceroute Test traces the route of packets to destination host from our server.
STEP 1
On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2
Navigate to Settings.

STEP 3
Navigate to STB Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 4
Select Household Diagnostics and press "OK".

STEP 5
Details information of Household Diagnostics screen will be displayed.

For multi-frequency customers, RM10.00 is charged per physical bill generated.
For self-installation, in your first bill upon activation of your Plug& Play Box, the activation fee will be included as a separate line item in your bill alongside the subscription fee.
If you choose to install the Plug & Play Box via installer, you can pay the installation fee and activation fee directly to the installer upon installation. This will be reflected in your next bill itemised as setup fee.
We are working with the Sony team to ensure you will be able to enjoy these 4K UHD channels soon. We will keep you posted once these channels are available to you!
No, you are still able to subscribe to iQIYI on your current Astro pack.
No, customers are only allowed to choose ONE billing option (either Paper Bill or E-bill or SMS bill). However, customers who opted for Paper Bill will still be able to check their bills through Astro Self-Service Portal, IVR, Channel 200 and WhatsApp.
Yes, all Astro customers with a Disney+ Hotstar subscription can access the app on the Ultra/Ulti Box. To access the app, please refer here.
You may call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 or wait for an Astro representative to be in contact with you within 2 working days to assist you with your order.
Yes,existing Astro & Broadband customers within contract or out of contract can subscribe to Astro Fibre offer. The 24-month contract will be renewed.
However, your contract with Maxis/Allo needs to be terminated before signing up to this offer. An early cancellation fee applies if you are still within contract.
*Subject to Terms &Conditions of your contract
BYOND / PVR / Ultra Box
To dismantle ONLY - FOC
To reinstall ONLY – RM65
To dismantle and reinstall - RM65
Broadband / IPTV
Relocation within 6 months of contract start will be charged a RM500.00 relocation fee, and the contract will be renewed to a new 24-month contract.
Relocation after 6 months of contract start will have their contract renewed to a new 24-month contract.
Note For IPTV Customers:
1. Upon relocation request, all exiting IPTV customers will be converted to our Astro & Broadband service. Customers can choose to have standard Astro service with satellite dish, or unicast Plug & Play without satellite dish.
2. If customers choose to have satellite dish, an additional RM150.00 will be charged for satellite installation. If customers choose to have unicast Plug & Play service, no satellite dish is required, hence no extra charge will be incurred.
*Please note that additional charges may apply if the reinstallation process requires extra cables/fixings.
When you have reached the duration (years) needed for the upgrade, we will upgrade you into your new tier and your shiny new rewards will appear in the My Astro app. You are still eligible for all the rewards from previous tiers too.

1. Please standby computer/laptop to access to the internet and connection must be via LAN (cable) [Connect the LAN (cable) to the yellow port in Maxis Router and direct to computer/laptop].
2. You may open any web browser such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and etc.
3. On the address bar, please go to http://192.168.1.254 and below page will appear.

If below box appear, please enter required details as below:

USERNAME: Administrator
PASSWORD: (ACCESS KEY AT THE RGW STICKER)
(These are the defaults, if you have done previous configuration on your router the password may be different)
4. Once enter into the page ‘’TECHNICOLOR TG784N V3’’, you may follow below step for the wireless information.
i. Click "Configure”

ii. Once clicked configure button, below screen will appear.

A. This is your current password. Please delete and enter the new password.
B. Once completed the selection; click the "Apply" button. Router will auto reboot and connection re-establish after few minutes.
Please re-connect your wireless using the new password.
WiFi router and fibre modem will be replaced upon checking and verification by Astro's Contact Centre /installer. It will be replaced without additional charge regardless contract tenure.
You may verify if your speed plan has been successfully upgraded during the installation process with your Astro installer before sign-off. If you would like to confirm the status of your speed upgrade after installation, you may contact Astro’s Contact Centre at 03-9543 1543 and an Astro agent will be available to assist you immediately.
The entire eKYC verification process may be completed within 5 minutes.
For customers subscribed to our New Astro Packs (for example: Primary, Entertainment or Sports Packs), you will be charged a one-off switching fee of RM10 (excl. govt tax) if you decide to switch to another ala-carte add-on with a lower fee. For example, removing Korean add-on (RM9.99/month) and purchasing Horror add-on (RM5.99/month) will incur a RM10 (excl. govt tax) switching fee to your account.
For customers subscribed to our Old Astro Packs (for example: Super or Dynasty Packs), there will be a one-off switching fee of RM10 (excl. govt tax) if you decide to switch to another ala-carte add-on with a lower or same fee. For example, removing Korean add-on (RM9.99/month) and purchasing Horror add-on (RM5.99/month) OR Kids add-on (RM9.99/month) will incur a RM10 (excl. govt tax) switching fee to your account.
We are not able to transfer your existing Disney+ Hotstar access. To enjoy our bundle rates with one of our packages, simply sign up or renew your subscription to any of our new Packs for even better value and savings. Please visit astro.com.my to find out more.
Refund fee is subject to your processing bank. However, Astro did not impose refund processing fee.
For Ultra/Ulti Plug & Play Box installation, it is recommended that you attempt to self-install by following the installation guide here, but there is an option to request for an installer to install the box at your premise. However, there will be a separate fee for this service request.
Please follow the steps below:
Step 1: Fill in Transfer of Equipment Ownership Form (Part A & Part B)
Step 2: Provide an Undertaking Letter if current account holder deceased or un-contactable. (Note: Copy of death certificate is required if account holder deceased).
Step 3: Provide a copy of new applicant NRIC for Malaysian or copy of passport for non-Malaysian or copy of IMM13 Pass with at least 6 months validity for Refugee. (Note: ASTRO name should be displayed on the top left corner on both sides of the identity card copy).
Step 4: A full payment to be made on any outstanding balance for all related accounts (if any).
Step 5: Submit all documents via feedback form .
Step 6: Customer will expect a call from our validation team (Note: Turnaround time for transfer of equipment ownership is 3-5 working days upon receiving all complete documentation).
Note:
1. There might be a loss of transmission during the processing of transfer equipment ownership, split or merge of equipment.
2. Recorded program will be removed for PVR user.
3. A full payment to be made on any outstanding balance for all related accounts.
4. New account holder agreed to continue the remaining contract from previous owner account (if any).
5. Auto debit will be voided upon acknowledgment of transfer equipment ownership (if any).
Additional requirement for New Owner
Capping of applicant age is 21
Malaysians aged < 26 years old and Non-Malaysian - requires copy of utility bill (Phone, Internet, Water or Electricity)
Once you have received the eKYC link via SMS/email/astro.com.my, you can proceed to follow the instructions on the screen. You can check out the step-by-step image below for more info.
For MyKad/MyPR/MyTentera :

For Passport :

Yes, Mesh WiFi add-on is available for both Astro Fibre Bundle and Astro Fibre subscription.
Yes. You can make payment using your credit card via My Astro Portal:
- For One-time payment: All Master/Visa 3D secured debit/credit cards for one-time payment issued by banks in Malaysia
- For Auto-Debit: All Master/Visa/AMEX debit/credit cards issued by banks in Malaysia
STEP 1
On your remote, press the HOME button and the home menu will be displayed on top of your screen.

STEP 2
Navigate to Settings.

STEP 3
Navigate to S/PDIF Audio and press "OK".

STEP 4
Navigate to your preferred selection and press “OK”.

Streaming app entitlement is dependent onthe TV Pack you are subscribed to, with some streaming apps available on Astroas an add-to-bill service. Please visit product.astro.com.my/apps to seeif you are entitled to your favourite streaming app once it is launched!
Returning your Astro box & Smart card/SIM card is a very simple process.
For existing Ultra Box or Ulti Box user, call 03-9543 3838 to schedule our courier partner to come pick up the box or drop them off at the closest Astro Service Centre or Exclusive Partner near you. Click here to find a Customer Service Centre (CSC) or Astro Exclusive Partner (AEP) near you.
For any unreturned Ultra Box or Ulti Box, a box fee of RM100 may be charged to your account.
For all other boxes, please recycle your box at a registered collection center that will properly manage the boxes in an environmentally friendly way. Click here to find a registered collection center near you.
STEP 1
On your remote, press the “HOME” button and the home menu will be displayed at the bottom of your screen.

STEP 2
Navigate to SETTINGS and press “OK”.

STEP 3
Navigate to STB DIAGNOSTICS and press “OK”.

STEP 4
Select the “Network” tab in the STB Diagnostics page.
Please ensure the Tunes service multicast status is Multicast Up.
If the status is Multicast is Not Available, please reboot your box and router before verifying this status.

If issue persists, please submit the issue in our Feedback Form and attach a picture of your Network tab of the STB Diagnostics for assistance.
Yes, customers whose accounts are suspended but resumed within 24 months from their offer period start date will still be able to enjoy the internet speed upgrade upon service resumption. However, the speed upgrade offer period will not be extended despite the suspension period.
Unfortunately, customers whose accounts are suspended but resumed after 24 months from their offer period start date will not be able to receive the free speed upgrade.
Unfortunately, you will no longer be able to access Disney+ Hotstar via Astro if you cancel your Astro subscription with Disney+ Hotstar entitlement.
1. Return your device to us via Arranged Pick-up:
Step 1: Please call Astro's Contact Centre at 03-9543 3838 to schedule an arranged pick-up by one of our courier partners.
Step 2: Just sit back and relax! A courier agent will come to your doorstep to retrieve the devices.
Yes, please WhatsApp "DH Help
STEP 1
On your remote, press the Home button and the Home Page will be displayed on your screen.
STEP 2
Navigate to Profile.
STEP 3
The Profile Selection Screen will be displayed.
STEP 4
Navigate to Edit Profile.
STEP 5
Choose a profile to edit.
STEP 6
Navigate to Delete Profile.
STEP 7
Click Confirm to delete your profile.
STEP 8
The deleted profile will be removed from the Profile Selection Screen.
No, this change in due date will not impact your monthly bill subscription.
Please ensure that you are using the correct ID for eKYC submission.
For Malaysians :
1. Please ensure you are using MyKad or MyTentera.
2. Capture the front and back of your ID.
3. Ensure that there is no glare when capturing the photo.
4. Ensure that are capturing it in a bright room to have the highest picture quality.
5. Please do not cover your ID when capturing it, as it may impact the OCR Optical Character Recognition accuracy.
For Malaysian Permanent Resident and Other Nationality :
1. Please use Passport only.
2. Please capture your whole passport, which has your personal information on it and your signature.
3. Ensure that there is no glare when capturing the photo.
4. Please do not cover your ID with your when capturing it, as it may impact the OCR Optical Character Recognition accuracy.